96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



a Franciscan mission was established at Awatobi and this thrived 

 until its destruction during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. In 1700 an 

 attempt to re-establish the mission failed and Awatobi was destroyed 

 by the irate inhabitants of some of the nearby Hopi villages/ 



Our first archeological reference to Jeddito Valley is from Victor 

 Mindelefif/ who in 1882-83 devoted much time to mapping the larger 

 ruins, of which there are five. These are all situated on the north 

 side of the valley and are well known to all students of Pueblo ar- 

 cheology as Awatobi, Kawaioku, Chakpahu, Nesheptanga, and Kokop- 

 nyama. In 1892 limited excavations were made at Awatobi by the 

 late Dr. J. W. Fewkes of the Smithsonian Institution,^' * who was 

 followed, in 1907, by Dr. Frank Russell of Harvard. 



With the exception of the survey made by Mindelefif, no archeo- 

 logical investigations were made at Kokopnyama until 1901 when 

 Dr. Walter Hough of the Museum-Gates Expedition spent several 

 weeks in the valley." In 191 7 Spier, of the American Museum of 

 Natural History, undertook a pottery survey," and in 1923 and 1926 

 Kidder made a stratigraphic test at Nesheptanga and surface exami- 

 nations at other ruins.' These are the archeological investigations 

 made prior to the spring of 1928, when the writer determined a 

 pottery sequence for Pueblo IV ruins in the Hopi country. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION 



A surface survey of Kokopnyama reveals a ruin about ten acres 

 in area with architectural features not unlike those of modern Hopi 

 pueblos, if recent influence in the latter is disregarded. The general 

 plan is essentially the same with house groups two or more stories 

 in height surrounding open courts. Middens often contain pottery 

 types of different periods. From this condition we surmised that new 

 structures were erected in unoccupied portions when a building had 

 become unsafe for living. Later investigations confirmed this sup- 

 position. This shifting back and forth of buildings as decay set in is 

 found at the older inhabited Hopi towns. Having previously deter- 



' Bull. 30, Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 1912, p. 561. 



"8th Ann. Rep., Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 1887 



^ Hough, Walter, Ann. Rep., U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, p. 333. 



* Fewkes, Jesse Walter, Expedition to Arizona in 1895. I7th Ann. Rep., Bur. 

 Amer. Ethnol., Pt. 2, p. 592. 



'Ann. Rep., U. S. Nat. Mus., 1901, pp. 279-358. 



' Spier, Leslie, An outline for a chronology of Zuni ruins. Anthrop. Papers, 

 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, Vol. XVHI, pt. 3, New York. 



' Kidder, A. V., Southwestern archaeology. 



