112 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



plugged with clay, as were also two other holes between the first hole 

 of the line and the firepit (fig. 34). The firepit might be said to be 

 in line with the deflector and ventilator, though it does not " center " 

 as in other kivas, the northeast side of the pit being almost in line 

 with the northeast edge of the deflector. The firepit is 4 feet from 

 the northeast wall and 18 inches from the deflector; is 10 inches 

 square with slightly rounded corners, and 18 inches deep. It was 

 filled with wood ashes. Over the top was a sandstone cover i foot 

 square. The deflector was 18 inches from the ventilator entrance, or 

 midway between the ventilator and firepit. As in other kivas de- 

 scribed from this ruin, the deflector was a sandstone slab set firmly 

 into the floor. There was a decided lean toward the platform, how- 

 ever, which might have been caused by the falling roof. The de- 

 flector was I inch thick, 21 inches long, and 18 inches from the floor 

 to the top. The corners were rounded. On the northeast side of the 

 deflector was a loom block, while another was found near the south- 

 west corner of the room. Beneath the fallen roof and scattered on 

 the floor near the deflector and firepit were fragments of Jeddito 

 black-on-yellow and Jeddito corrugated ware. 



In the southeast corner of the room and buried beneath the floor 

 was found a cache of two Jeddito black-on-yellow ollas. Both were 

 filled with a coarse sand identical to sand found on ant-hills of the 

 region. Inquiry among the Hopi, however, failed to verify the be- 

 lief that sand from ant-hills was used for ceremonial purposes, as 

 the discovery seemed to indicate. Both ollas were neatly protected by 

 a sandstone cover beneath the flagstones "of the floor. 



KiVA R-23 



It will be noted that all kivas heretofore described in this paper 

 have been of the Hopi tyi>e, and the consistency in plan and orienta- 

 tion would lead one to expect all other kivas of the same period and 

 region to be of the same arrangement. This was found not to be the 

 case, however, for on excavating the room northeast of R-24, a kiva 

 was disclosed that difi:ered greatly in several details. This kiva, R-23 

 is rectangular (fig. 35), faces north, and has no platform, all of which 

 are radical changes ; other departures from the usual arrangement will 

 be noted in order. The material and construction of the walls is es- 

 sentially the same as others described and the floor was paved with 

 flagstones. This kiva, also located on the sandstone ledge below the 

 mesa top, is therefore subject to erosion, and on account of the orienta- 

 tion, the southeast side was affected more than that in the other two 



