22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 76 



the Hopi region where it mingled with the true pvieblo, migrating 

 southward, thus forming a mixed culture. In New Mexico the same 

 thing happened ; the pueblo element, originating in the north, extended 

 as far south as Zuni, in which are evidences of a mixture with the Gila 

 culture. The ancient potters of the Upper Gila and Salt rivers left 

 abundant pottery and there is enough material from which we can 

 by comparison determine their relation to the people of the Lower 

 Gila. They show the union of the true pueblo culture and that of the 

 aborigines south of them, which did not greatly differ from the 

 pueblos. 



The pottery of the adjacent Gila-Salt area differs from that of the 

 Mimbres in several characters. The designs on the interior are broad 

 black rectangular lines on a gray surface, the outside of the bowl 

 being red in color, whereas Mimbres ware is white with narrow black 

 or red figures ^ on the inside of the bowls. 



It is also pertinent to point out the differences between the pottery 

 of the Mimbres Valley and that of northern Chihuahua (Casas 

 Grandes region), which are significant. The available collections thus 

 far made in these two regions afford differences in data; an exam- 

 ination of these collections shows that the specimens from the Mim- 

 bres are food bowls, while those from northern Chihuahua are vases. 

 As a rule food bowls found in the latter region are small and deep, 

 although sometimes large. They are decorated on the exterior, 

 which is not the case in similar vessels from the Mimbres. About ten 

 per cent of the Cases Grandes vases are effigies, while only a very 

 small portion of the Mimbres vases can be so designated. In the Casas 

 Grandes area are many polished black bowls like the so-called Santa 

 Clara ware, but little black ware has thus far been found in the Mim- 

 bres. The same is true of undecorated red ware, which occurs in 

 Chihuahua but is rare or absent in the Mimbres. 



It is mainly in the decoration of pottery of the two areas that we 

 find the greatest differences in the pottery. That from the Chihuahua 

 mounds is more brilliant in color than any other in the Southwest ; it 

 is very smooth without superficial slip, in which it recalls old Hopi 

 ware from the ruins of Sikyatki where the beautiful figures are also 

 painted directly on the surface, not on a slip. Casas Grandes ware 

 is a polychrome, or red and yellow on a gray-white ground. The ware 



' Incidentally attention should be called to the uniform width of the encircling 

 parallel lines and the boldness with which they are drawn in Mimbres ware. 

 In the accompanying figures Mrs. Mullet has preserved that uniformity in 

 breadth of line and distance apart. This fact is mentioned lest some critic 

 may find too much regularity in the drawings. 



