NO. II THE FRESHFIELD GLACIER — PALMER I3 



blocks of ice, a distinct nose projected at the center, and a push 

 moraine four feet high had been raised along the base of the wall 

 (pi. 8, fig. 2). Another push moraine was noted 150 feet in front of 

 the ice, apparently indicating the termination of the last advance 

 preceding. 



We thus have evidence that advances occurred here in about 191 2 

 and 1918 and that another might soon be expected, perhaps in 1923. 

 Can it be that this is a periodic phenomenon? It would be a very 

 interesting matter to determine. 



The floor of the alcove consists of comminuted shingle and well- 

 broken ground moraine (see pi. 8, fig. i ) . A ridge of slaty, well-scored, 

 bed rock occurs in the center where the nose is advancing. The 

 drainage stream from the upper glacier basin flows under the ice 

 wall here. No signs of a lake in the alcove were to be detected. 



For so great an expanse of ice, there are singularly few large 

 crevasses and ice falls. One can wander about almost at will without 

 serious hindrance. At the easterly corner where the tongue leaves the 

 basin, occurs the only notable ice fall in the glacier proper. Here 

 a 300-foot clifif breaks the floor of the basin and gives rise to a steep 

 and interesting ice cascade of this height (pi. 9). 



No considerable drainage streams were noted on the tongue or 

 upper icefield, although small brooks of course run everywhere. The 

 water soon finds its way beneath the ice through numerous moulins. 



The rock surrounding the Freshfield glacier is mainly dark, slaty 

 limestone, fossiliferous in places. About two miles above the fore- 

 foot a crushed and crumpled anticlinal arch is very well displayed in 

 the rocks of the gorge on both sides of the valley. 



SUMMARY OF GLACIER MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS 

 IN THE CANADIAN ALPS, WITH REFERENCES 



This note aims to present a brief digest of what has been done 

 in the way of glacial measurements and study in the Canadian Alps. 

 Not every individual report has been listed, but the titles here brought 

 together represent the main body of the literature and will supply 

 materials for an exhaustive study by anyone interested. 



The most complete and comprehensive single publication dealing 

 with the glaciers of the Canadian Alps is the monograph entitled, 

 " Glaciers of the Canadian Rockies and Selkirks," by W. H. Sherzer, 

 published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1907. (Contributions to 

 Knowledge, Vol. XXXR^, Publ. No. 1692.) It is handsomely illus- 

 trated and contains 135 pages. The glaciers studied were the Victoria, 



