NO. 4 A FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 1 5 



the investigations, only a small area was uncovered. It measured 53 

 feet (16.154 "i) along the ravine, extended into the bank 38 feet 

 (11.582 m) on one side and 26 feet 6 inches (8.077 ""■) on the other. 

 In view of the small size of the excavation the number of specimens 

 obtained was gratifying both as to quantity and variety. 



In the following descriptions of the various kinds of tools found at 

 the Lindenmeier site, only the more general features will be con- 

 sidered. A detailed typological study, discussions of the technique 

 of manufacture, and comparisons of this material with similar objects 

 from sites not necessarily Folsom in nature are not advisable at this 

 time, since further excavations are. planned. Additional and more 

 comprehensive evidence will no doubt be available when the investiga- 

 tions are completed. The various kinds of stone represented by the 

 implements in the present group are : Chalcedony, jasper, chert, 

 quartzite, petrified wood, moss agate, geyserite (rare), and white 

 sandstone. The chipper's debris — ^flakes, cores, and nodules — also ex- 

 hibits the same variety. The most popular " flints " were chalcedony 

 and jasper. (The writer does not believe it necessary to go into the 

 question of flint and flintlike materials in the present discussion. 

 Where the term flint is used, it refers only to the implements, not to 

 the particular stone involved.) The other kinds of material found in 

 the region do not flake and chip as readily, nor do they permit as 

 high a degree of workmanship. The recent Indians inhabiting the dis- 

 trict made greater use of quartzite and geyserite.^ The sandstone 

 objects from the old horizon were not cutting or penetrating imple- 

 ments, but rubbing and polishing stones. 



True Folsom points occur in two forms. The better known variety, 

 based on the first example found actually in situ at the Folsom pit, 

 is a thin, leaf-shaped blade. The tip is slightly rounded, and the 

 broadest part of the blade tends to occur between the tip and a line 

 across the center of the face (fig. 2, A, a, b). A typical feature is a 

 longitudinal groove or channel extending along each face, C, about 

 two-thirds of the length. These grooves produce lateral ridges par- 

 alleling the edges of the blade. A cross-section of the object gives a 

 biconcave appearance as shown in the diagram. The base is concave, 



" Major Coffin has studied extensively the tools made by the dififerent Indian 

 groups which inhabited the Fort Collins area at various times and has deter- 

 mined most of the sources for the materials used. A summary of his findings 

 appears in Renaud, 1931 b, p. 61. 



