NO. 4 A FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 23 



two side edges were also chipped. The removal of several long flakes 

 from the top produced a fourth subform, one with a quadrangular 

 cross-section. The latter also resulted from the removal of a single, 

 long, broad flake, which produced a fluting similar tO' that on the pro- 

 jectile points. On practically all of the pentagonal and quadrangular 

 forms the smaller end, as well as both edges, was modified by addi- 

 tional chipping. Rarely was the ventral surface, the bottom of the 

 tool and the side which came ofif the core, altered in any way. 



A very elaborate classification could be made for the subforms of 

 this type of scraper by segregating the different specimens according 

 to the various combinations of features. For the purposes of this paper 

 that is not essential, but in a more detailed study such a subdivision 

 would be advisable, especially when the subject of comparisons is 

 considered. The " snub-nosed " scraper was not peculiar to this hori- 

 zon or locality. Forms of it are found on recent Indian sites in the 

 general High Plains area and elsewhere throughout the country. By 

 means of an elaborate typological grouping it may be possible to point 

 out distinctions, to determine criteria for identifying early and late 

 forms. Such an attempt will be deferred, however, until a larger 

 series from the Lindenmeier site is available. The " snub-nosed " 

 scrapers from this site vary in length from 21 to 25 mm, in breadth 

 at the cutting edge from 25 to 30 mm and in thickness from 4.5 

 to II mm. 



The side scrapers exhibit considerable range in quality, degree of 

 finish, and the types of flakes used in their manufacture. Some are 

 light in weight and paperlike in their thinness. Others are thick and 

 heavy. Certain examples display careful dressing of the faces of the 

 blade as well as minute and precise chipping along the edges (pi. 11). 

 There are other specimens that are little more than rough flakes with 

 chipping along one edge or only on a portion of the edge (pi. 12). In 

 some cases part of the siliceous crust or outer covering of the nodule 

 from which the flake was struck is still present. The purposes for 

 which the tool was intended no doubt governed the amount of work ex- 

 pended in its shaping. As will be noted from the illustrations, several 

 of the implements combine both the convex and concave blades on a 

 single tool (pi. 11, g). Others have one straight edge and one convex 

 (pi. 15, n), or a straight and concave combination. The carefully 

 worked side scrapers range from 30 to 62 mm in length, 15' to 33 mm 

 in width, and 2 to 4 mm in thickness. The rough-flake forms vary 

 from 40 to 60 mm in length, 20 to 45 mm in width, and 7 to 12 mm in 

 thickness. 



