NO. 4 A FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 27 



and in the present preliminary classification fine distinctions are not 

 essential. The more definitely shaped gravers are from 32 to 38 mm 

 long, 16 to 29 mm wide, and 5 to 9 mm thick. The points are from 

 9 to ID mm long. 



Several combination tools were found (pi. 13, k-m). These incor- 

 porate the qualities of the scraper and the graver in a single imple- 

 ment. One typical " snub-nosed " scraper (pi. 13, k) has a small 

 sharp-tipped graver point at one end of the convex scraper edge. 

 There is a second graver midway along one lateral edge. With these 

 two points the implement could have functioned as an instrument for 

 drawing parallel lines or for making circles. The point at the end of 

 the tool could have been used for any purpose that the single, simple 

 gravers served. The opposite lateral edge is a good concave side- 

 scraper. With a tool of this type the artisan could perform a number 

 of operations without changing implements. This specimen has a 

 length of 38 mm, breadth of 28 mm, and a thickness of 6.5 mm. The 

 graver points are 2 and i mm long and 2 and 1.5 mm broad at 

 the base. 



The two specimens / and m, plate 13, are combination gravers and 

 sidescrapers. The scraper features are concave and convex. One of 

 the artifacts has two graver points, in this case on opposite sides, 

 whereas the other has only one. The latter, however, is one of the 

 most precisely chipped points in the entire collection. These imple- 

 ments are 39 and 42 mm long, 22 and 22.5 mm wide, 3.5 and 4.5 mm 

 thick. The single point on the one is 2.5 mm long and 1.5 mm broad 

 at the base. The points on the other are 1.5 and 2 mm long and i mm 

 wide at their bases. 



KNIVES 



There are a number of specimens which may be classed under the 

 heading of knives. The best examples are carefully chipped blades 

 which exhibit typical Folsom characteristics in their fluted faces and 

 the marginal retouch along the edges. Their ends, however, are 

 rounded, and the sides tend to be parallel rather than bulging or 

 tapering as in the case of the points (pi. 7, m, n). The complete speci- 

 men is 51 mm long, 23 mm wide, and 4 mm thick. The broken one is 

 25 mm wide and 3 mm thick. 



The channel flakes from typical Folsom points were not always 

 discarded. Several examples show that they were used as knives. 

 Close inspection of the edges reveals minute retouching, which per- 

 fected the cutting qualities of the stone and made a serviceable tool 

 from one of the by-products of the process of point manufacture. 



