NO. 4 A FOLSOM COMPLEX ROBERTS 3 1 



small objects whose purpose is unknown. It also served as a source 

 for paint, the compact red, earthy varieties known as red chalk and the 

 pulverulent red ocher being especially popular for this purpose. Pow- 

 dered hematite was mixed with grease or saliva and then applied to the 

 object to be painted. It was used for facial decoration, for coloring 

 skins and hides, for painting spears, arrows, shields, skin tents, and 

 other objects which the Indian desired to embellish. The finding of 

 the material at the Lindenmeier site is good evidence that the makers 

 of the Folsom points were also users of red paint. None of the frag- 

 ments indicate that they were shaped to serve as ornaments, nor are 

 they of the problematical object type. 



Several nodules with battered ends were found, and there is one flat 

 stone of granite, roughly circular in outline but with one flattened 

 edge, which is broken away along one side as though from blows. 

 These objects no doubt served as hammers. They could be employed 

 in knocking flakes ofif large nodules, for cracking bones, and in other 

 capacities where a striking implement would be required. The flat 

 granite specimen has one convex, smooth side, which suggests that it 

 also may have served as a rubbing stone (pi. i6, g). 



There are a number of bones in the collection which, although they 

 are only chance scraps, indicate that they could have served as tools. 

 Each of these objects has a tapering, blunt-pointed end which shows 

 some signs of wear. They may have functioned as punches or awls, 

 but because they are not definitely prepared implements and do not 

 exhibit pronounced signs of usage, they will be regarded only as for- 

 tuitous tools at this time. When more evidence is available, it may 

 develop that split bones with such ends actually should be classed as a 

 type of implement. For the present, definite conclusions will be held 

 in abeyance. 



IDENTIFICATION OF CONES 



Owing to the scrappy nature of most of the bone material recovered, 

 it has not been possible to identify all of the animals represented. 

 Some of the fragments are from small mammals, but most of them 

 are bison. Part of the latter material, portions of jaws and a good 

 series of teeth, was referred to Director J. D. Figgins, of the Colo- 

 rado Museum of Natural History, who has made a specialty of the 

 study of bison remains. He reports that the bison found at the original 

 Folsom site, Stclabison occidentalis taylori and Bison oliverhayi,"' are 



Figgins, 1933 h. 



