NO. 6 GRASSHOPPER ABDOMEN SNODGRASS "J^ 



Boldyrev says, requires an hour or more, and the discharge of the 

 sperm is not completed until 5| to i8 hours after copulation begins, 

 the time apparently being dependent on the temperature. On opening 

 the genital organs of males killed during copulation, Boldyrev found 

 that the first bladder of the spermatophore is held in the ejaculatory 

 sac (fig. 32 B, e']s), while the second lies in the membranous part of 

 the endophallic cavity here termed the spermatophore sac (sps). The 

 long spermatophore tube extends through the phallotreme cleft and 

 protrudes forward from the distal end of the aedeagus between the 

 bases of the anterior apical processes (C) ; in copulation it is deeply 

 inserted into the spermathecal duct. During mating the two sexes 

 are thus united by a tubular conduit through which the sperm are 

 driven by the action of the endophallic apparatus from the male into 

 the female. At the end of copulation the spermatophore tube is not 

 drawn out of the female, but is broken ofif near its base. The detached 

 tube is retained a long time in the spermathecal canal ; the basal part 

 of the spermatophore is soon rejected from the male. 



With Anacridium aegyptium, as shown by Fedorov (1927), in- 

 semination of the female is accomplished by the introduction of from 

 6 to 30 spermatophores into the spermatheca, the usual number being 

 from 12 to 18. In this species, however, the spermatophores are of 

 relatively small size, about i mm in length. Each capsule is a hyaline 

 body, broader at the anterior end, which. bears a small appendage easily 

 broken off. The spermatophores are formed in the beginning of 

 the ejaculatory duct, but they do not attain their final shape until they 

 reach the terminal part of the aedeagus. Fedorov believes that the 

 spermatophores are all prepared during copulation, and that this 

 accounts for the length of the copulatory period — 1| or 2 hours 

 being necessary for the completion of one capsule and its transference 

 to the female. He finds thus that 6 to 12 spermatophores correspond 

 with 18 to 24 hours of copulation, 18 to 24 with 36 hours, and 30 

 with 60 hours. In about 4 to 6 hours after the beginning of copula- 

 tion, Fedorov says, a milky-white jellylike mass containing the empty 

 spermatophores that have been ejected from the spermatheca collects 

 between the lower valves of the ovipositor where it becomes brittle 

 and yellow as it dries, and after a few hours is lost, leaving no evi- 

 dence of the insemination that has taken place. 



EXAMPLES OF THE MALE GENITALIA OF ACRIDIDAE 



The following descriptions of the male genitalia of representative 

 species of the several acridid subfamilies will serve to illustrate the 

 nature of specific variations in the form of the organs, and will show 

 the fundamental unity of structure throughout the family. 



