NO. 8 MANAHOAC TRIBES IN VIRGINIA — BUSHNELL 33 



the sides of the one below it. This process caused the bottom of a 

 coil or band of clay to become concave in section, and the top of the 

 one upon which it rested to remain convex. Sketches of specimens 

 from the site illustrating this feature are shown in figure 9. 



Large numbers of arrowpoints, mostly made of white quartz and 

 of the types found throughout the region, have been discovered on 

 the site and in the nearby country. Several points made of black 

 chert were likewise found on the site. Flakes of yellow jasper and of 

 dark chert were encountered near the sand pits ; one of the former 

 had evidently been used as a scraper or blade, as the edges had 

 become serrated from use. Chipped axes of the early form and other 

 objects of stone are known to have been recovered from the surface 

 of the site in past years, but little now remains to mark the position 

 of the ancient settlement. 



A few bits of pottery, including one small fragment similar to 

 plate 12, d, and several arrowpoints, were found near the right bank 

 of the Rappahannock opposite and just below the mouth of Marsh 

 Run. Traces of a camp were discovered a mile farther down the river 

 at the mouth of Mountain Run. 



The flats in the vicinity of Kellys Ford, and especially those op- 

 posite the mouth of Marsh Run. have frequently been flooded, and 

 it is evident that the surface has been reduced since it was first cleared 

 and cultivated ; consequently few traces of Indian occupancy can now 

 be found. 



JERRYS FLATS 



As already mentioned, Richards Ford is a crossing of the Rappa- 

 hannock a mile or more due north of the mouth of the Rapidan. About 

 the same distance from the ford, a little south of west, is a wide 

 turn in the Rapidan some 2 miles above its junction with the Rappa- 

 hannock. Here, on both sides of the Rapidan, are extensive low 

 grounds known as Jerrys Flats, with a good ford across the river. 

 A small stream enters the Rapidan on the left bank just above the 

 ford, and this, according to local tradition, was the site of a large 

 Indian village. 



Persons living in the vicinity relate that a burial mound formerly 

 stood near the left bank of the small stream 100 feet or more from 

 the Rapidan. This was destroyed some 40 years ago at the time of 

 a great freshet, and it is also related that when the waters had receded, 

 quantities of human remains were found exposed on the surface. 

 Pottery vessels and other objects are remembered to have been found 

 at that time near the skeletal remains, but everything discovered has 

 been lost or scattered. 



