NO. 8 MANAHOAC TRIBES IN VIRGINIA BUSHNELL 35 



pieces are even thinner. All appear to have been parts of rather 

 large vessels, possibly as much as 8 or lo inches in diameter. No 

 rim fragments of the thin ware were discovered. 



One small piece of earthenware (fig. lo) bearing an incised decora- 

 tion was found near where the mound had stood. This is a fragment 

 of a fluted rim, probably of a small vessel. 



A few arrowpoints made of white quartz, and many flakes of quartz 

 and quartzite, were found on dififerent parts of the low grounds, and 

 these, together with the fragments of pottery already described, were 

 all that could be discovered to indicate the position of a native village 

 that was occupied three centuries or more ago. 



ELYS FORD 



A bridge now spans the Rapidan at the old crossing place which 

 still bears the name Elys Ford. This is about midway between the 

 mouth of the river and Skinkers Ford and was evidently on the route 

 of Indian trails long before the settlement of the colony. Although the 

 flats on both sides of the river at the bridge have often been covered 

 by water, sand has been deposited in some places, and on other sections 

 the surface soil has been washed away, but nevertheless, traces of 

 Indian occupancy are still to be found. Small fragments of pottery, 

 arrowpoints made of white quartz and flakes and masses of the same 

 material from which pieces had been struck, together with several 

 chipped axes of diabase were found on the surface near the right 

 bank of the river just above the bridge. The axes are of the early 

 form, with surfaces greatly altered; the small bits of pottery are 

 weathered and worn, but are unusually hard and compact and reveal 

 the use of finely crushed quartz as tempering material. Although the 

 evidence is scant, it suggests that this was the site of a very ancient 

 settlement. 



Points of the recognized Folsom type (pi. 13, fig. 2, b and c) have 

 been discovered just outside the area now being considered," one in 

 the vicinity of Orange, another a short distance below Fredericksburg 

 in King George County, but none is known to have been found between 

 these localities. However, a specimen of a different form (pi. 13, 

 fig. 2, a), but which may be equally old, was discovered on the high 

 land, east of the road, about a quarter of a mile north of Elys Ford. 

 It is made of a dark, slightly mottled yellow jasper. Its dimensions 

 are : length from tip of point to middle of base, 2^ inches ; width, 

 ii\ inches; greatest thickness, 1% inches. 



'"Literary Digest, June 9, 1934. 



