NO. II MELANESIANS AND AUSTRALIANS HRDLICKA I3 



bones, he says once more : " Many of these characters of the skulls 

 are encountered, more or less marked, in Melanesian skulls, and to 

 judge from the general impression of our series it might be believed 

 that we were dealing with Melanesians." However, (p. 14) " if on 

 one hand our Calif ornian skulls offer similarities with the Melanesians, 

 on the other they possess similar characters with those of certain 

 American series ", especially such as those of the Botocudo, the 

 Patagonians, and the ancient Lagoa Santa group. 



In 1888 Ten Kate publishes in Science an excellent critique of 

 the paper in which Dr. Brinton attempted to deny the Mongoloid 

 affinity of the American Indians. In this critique, based on extensive 

 personal observations among both the North and the South American 

 tribes, he unequivocally asserts his conviction of such an affinity, 

 and has no word to say about the possibility of any other racial con- 

 stituents on the continent. 



In 1887 and 1889 the field is entered, once more, by Ouatrefages. 

 In these years he publishes two volumes on the " Histoire generale 

 des races humaines ". In the first volume (1887) he makes no refer- 

 ence to any Melanesian element in the region of Lagoa Santa or 

 anywhere else in South America, but believes (pp. 145-146) that 

 the Melanesian Negroes " have reached on one side Easter Island 

 and on the other even California ". His map of human migrations in 

 the Pacific (opp. p. 144) fails also to show any oceanic human stream 

 advancing beyond Easter Island toward South America. In the 

 second volume, however, published in 1889, there are a number of 

 references to Melanesian elements in the New World. So far as 

 South America is concerned, but little is said in this connection, and 

 that little is very vague or even negative ; but there are some positive 

 statements as to California. 



On page 308 of this volume we read : The characteristics of the 

 Lagoa Santa skulls " might make us think that the fossil race of 

 Brazil belonged to the Negro type. But in the special memoir which 

 I have devoted to the subject I have already stated that such an ap- 

 proach should be discarded." "' He adds in the next paragraph : 



In reality, among the present populations there are those that have preserved 

 in a remarkable manner the craniological type of Lagoa Santa and are evidently 



" " Des recherches encore inedits, que M. Hansen a bien voulu me com- 

 muniquer, il resulte que la race americaine de Lagoa-Santa est bien decidement 

 a la fois dolichocephale et hypsistenocephale. En outre, la phototype que nous 

 devons a MM. Lacerda et Peixoto nous la montre comme presentant un 

 prognathisme tres accuse. Au premier abord, la reunion de ces trois caracteres 

 pourrait faire penser que la race fossile du bresil se rattachait au type negre. 

 Mais dans le memoire special que je lui ai consacre, j'ai deja signale ce rap- 

 prochement comme devant etre ecarte." 



