38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 94 



As to the Zufii, Quatrefages quotes from Schoolcraft (citation not 

 given) thus : 



In 177s the Padre Francisco Garces visited Zuni, one of the southernmost 

 pueblos, and found there two races of men and two languages. One part of the 

 inhabitants showed a clear red color and handsome features; the others were 

 black and ugly. An instructed native, interrogated on the subject, replied that 

 the red people had come from one of the pueblos that became ruined, while the 

 blacks were the ancient inhabitants of the country. 



All these references to " blacks " in California Quatrefages regards 

 as applying to Oceanic Negroes and in connection with the Garces 

 account says : 



Thus at least at this point the Papuas, represented doubtless by mixbloods, 

 have preceded the Pueblos, as they have preceded the Maoris in New Zealand. 



As to Father Garces, the fact is he never visited the Zuni. The 

 farthest he reached were the Hopi in Arizona. And it is of the Oraibi 

 village of the Hopi that he has the following to say : 



There are in this pueblo two languages, and I noted that even the modes of 

 singing are diverse, as are the two classes of persons, who are distinguished 

 from each other in the stature and color of both males and females (Indios y 

 Indias). There are some of a very light (claro) and somewhat ruddy (rubio) 

 complexion, as well-formed as the Yabipais ; there are others small, dark, and 

 ill-favored. (1900 edition, vol. 2, p. 384.) 



It does not need any argument to see that in all three of the refer- 

 ences to " blacks " in California and the southwest the eminent author 

 was unfortunate and that they cannot be used in support of the 

 presence in those regions of any other racial element than the Indian. 



Another reference that may be brought forth in this connection is 

 that of Vizcaino, of which Quatrefages did not know. It relates to 

 the southern end of Lower California and hence to the region from 

 which proceed the Ten Kate and Diguet collections. It dates from 

 1602 and is given by Torquemada (1615) as follows: 



Father Antonio asked a Negro to carry in a basket some biscuits and dis- 

 tribute them among the Indians ; the Negro went, and they showed much pleasure 

 at seeing the Negro and gave him to understand that they were friendly and had 

 had dealings with some Negroes ; and that somewhere nearby there ought to 

 be some settlement of Negroes." 



The only comment that seems possible on the above note is that 

 it is very vague and uncertain. The Spanish did not know the language 



" " El Padre Frai Antonio llamo a un Negro, que traia en una 



Espuerta, 6 Tanate, un poco de Vizcocho, para repartirlo entre ellos; y el 

 Negro se llego, y ellos se hollgaron mucho con ver el Negro; y le dieron a 

 entender, tenian ellos amistad, y trato, con algunos Negros; y que por alii 

 cerca debia de aver alguna Poblacion de Negros." (P. 698.) 



