NO. II MELANESIANS AND AUSTRALIANS HRDLICKA 49 



cranial types of both the Indian and the Eskimo ; and that whatever 

 cultural or other resemblances may appear to exist between the pre- 

 Columbian Americas and the South Seas must have other explana- 

 tions than any material accession of the peoples of the latter parts of 

 the world to the American populations. 



BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES 



PiGASETTA, 1519, Brazil ; in Burney, J., A chronological history of the discoveries 

 in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean: Voyage of Fernando de Magalhanes, 

 1 5 17, vol. I, p. 21 et seq., London, 1803. 



The Brazilians of the region of Rio de Janeiro are thus described by 

 Pigasetta : " They are without religion. Natural instinct is their only law. 

 It is not uncommon to see men 125 years of age, and some of 140. They live 

 in long houses or cabins thev call hoc, one of which sometimes contains a 

 hundred families. They are" cannibals, but eat only their enemies. They 

 are olive coloured, well made, their hair short and woolly. They paint 

 themselves both in body and in the face, but principally the latter. Most of 

 the men had the lower lip perforated in three places, in which they wore 

 ornaments, generally made of stone, of a cylindrical form, about 2 inches 

 in length. Their chief had the title of Cacique 



" In colour they were blacker than was thought to correspond with so 

 cold a climate " ■ . • u 



According to Burney : " Pigasetta was a man of observation, but with 

 very moderate literary acquirements ; he was fond of the marvellous, and 



much addicted to the superstitions of his time His narrative was 



written in a mixed or provincial dialect of the Italian language." His 

 description of a Patagon (p. 33) ■ '"This man', says Pigasetta, 'was so 

 tall that our heads scarcely came up to his waist, and his voice was like 

 that of a bull.' The guanaco is described by Pigasetta to 'have head and 

 ears like those of a mule, a body like a camel, legs like a stag, and a tail 

 like that of a horse, which it resembles likewise in its neighing. Pigasetta 

 gives also some 'strange descriptions of birds seen by them; some which 

 never make nests, and have no feet, but the female lays and hatches her 

 eggs on the back of the male in the middle of the sea.' " 



Cavendish, 1587, southern end of Lower California: in Kerr, Robert, A general 

 history and collection of voyages and travels, vol. 10, Edinburgh, 1814. 



Cape St. Lucas, Lower California: „ ^ i. , c ■ a j a 



"Within this cape, there is a large bay. called by the Spaniards A gmda 



Scgura, into which falls a fine fresh-water river, the banks of which are 



usually inhabited by many Indians in the summer. . . Having dismissed 



the Spanish captain with a noble present, and sufficient provision for his 



defence against the Indians " (Pp. 80-81.) The above is all that 



is said about the natives. 



Vizcaino, 1596, 1602, lower end of Southern California; in Torquemada, J. de, 

 Monarchia Indiana, vol. i, book 5, chaps. 41-45- 



There are the following more relevant references to the natives; they 

 contain no trace of anv suggestion as to Negroid characters. 



Near Puerto San Sebastian the Spanish " hallaron grande numero de 

 Indios Infieles, Gente desnuda, y con Arcos, y Flechas, que son sus Armas 

 ordinarias, y algunos Dardos de Varas tostadas, que suelen arrojarlos y 

 hacen mucho dano con ellos. Fueron mui bien recibidos de todos aquellos 

 Indios sin ninguna resistencia. aunque por ambas partes huvo grande 

 vigilancia. porque los Indios recelaban alguna traicion, y los nuestros algun 

 dano." (P. 682.) 



