70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. Ill 



within the Condolence Council, and to interpret its symbolism. It is 

 certain that Andrew Spragg was a late holder of the ritual and keeper 

 of the cane, which belonged in a way to all the Cayugas. Made some- 

 time after the middle of the nineteenth century, probably about i860, 

 its use was confined to the Lower Cayuga band on the Grand River. 

 Alterations in the specimen reflect local opinion on the Six Nations 

 Reserve as to how many federal chiefs founded the League, how 

 they were arranged, and the order of the roll call. Unquestionably 

 it was devised on an ancient mnemonic design in order to preserve 

 the memory of the Eulogy chant and roll call and to support the 

 performance of the Condolence Council for installing new chiefs 

 after settlement on the Grand River. Although it is now a sacred 

 relic, and it has been reproduced once more by the Cayugas, the 

 Cranbrook specimen does not antedate the American Revolution and 

 the dissolution of the League in New York. It cannot be referred, 

 therefore, to the period of the founding of the League. 



The investigation has forced us to study the institution of the 

 Condolence Council. It has succeeded in unraveling the meaning of 

 the pictographs and it has demonstrated how they relate to two local 

 versions of the Eulogy chant — Newhouse (1885) and Charles (1917). 

 It poses certain problems of kinship for future field work, since we 

 now have before us the complete organization chart of the government 

 of the Iroquois Confederacy, which was, perhaps, the classic example 

 of the kinship state. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 Aberle, S. D. 



1948. The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico: their land, economy and civil 

 organization. Amer. Anthrop. Assoc, Mem. No. 70. 

 Beauchamp, William M. 



1905. Aboriginal use of wood in New York. New York State Mus. Bull. 



89. Albany. 

 1907. Civil, religious and mourning councils. . . . New York State Mus. 

 Bull. 113. Albany. 

 Boyle, David. 



1906. The making of a Cayuga chief. Ann. Arch. Rep. Ontario, 1905, 



pp. 56-58- Toronto. 

 Brinton, Daniel G. 



1885. The Lenape and their legends, with the complete text and symbols 

 of the Walam Olum. Philadelphia. 

 Bruvas, R. p. James. 



1862. Radices verborum Iroquaeorum (Radical words of the Mohawk lan- 

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