NO. 10 MORPHOLOGY OF GNATHOTRICHUS SCHEDL 85 



each. These setae are situated near the cephalad margin of the hypo- 

 pleurites. 



The eighth pleurite resembles even in the young pupa more that of 

 the adult than of the larva. No subdivisional plates are visible and 

 no setae occur. The spiracle is situated on the laterocephalad angle 

 of the united tergo-pleural plate. 



The caudal spine (Hopkins), most probably represents the only 

 external remainder of the ninth abdominal segment of the larva and 

 it is in the opinion of the author a greatly enlarged seta of the pleural 

 area. 



Steniites. — In the young pupa the same number of sternites occur 

 as visible tergites, namely eight. The first two sternites are pres- 

 ent as two short plates dorsal to the metasternum. They disappear 

 when the pupa becomes older. The sternites three to seven are fully 

 exposed and have the shape of small sclerites in the adults. The eighth 

 sternite is visible as two half circular lobes which indicate the future 

 development of the spiculum ventrale. None of the sternites bear 

 setae and also no subdivisional plates are recognizable. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



(i) 1859. Fitch, Asa, Fourth report on the noxious and other insects of the 

 State of New York, pp. 40-42. 



(2) 1868. Leconte, J. L., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 2, pp. 154, 155. 



(3) 1868. EiCHHOFF, W., Neue Borkenkafer. Bed. Ent. Zeitschr., p. 275. 



(4) 1868. Zimmerman, C, Synopsis of the Scolytidac of America north of 



Mexico. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol. 15, p. 143. 



(5) 1869. Packard, A. S., Guide to the study of insects, p. 493. 



(6) 1875. Lindeman, C., Vergleichende anatomische Untersuchungen iiber das 



mannliche Begattungsglied der Borkenkafer. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. 

 Moscow, vol. 49, pp. 196-252. 



(7) 1875. Lindeman, C., Kauapparat bei Scolytiden. V. Tageblatt der 48. 



Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte in Graz., p. 102. 



(8) 1876. Lindeman, C, Monographie der Borkenhafer Russlands. Die 



cryphaloiden Tomiciden. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, vol. 54, 

 No. 4. 



(9) 1876. Leconte, J. L., and Horn, H. G., The Rynchophora of America 



north of Mexico. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. 15, pp. 349, 350. 



(10) 1877. Provancher, L'Abbe L., Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada, 



vol. I, pp. 563-566. 



(11) 1878. EicHHOFF, W., Ratio, descriptio emendatio eorum Tomicinorum. 



Extrait Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, 2" serie, vol. 8. 



(12) 1881. Packard, A. S., Insects injurious to forest and shade trees. U. S. 



Ent. Com., Bull. 7, pp. 173-175. 



(13) 1883. Leconte, J. L., and Horn, H. G., Coleoptera of North America, 



pp. 512-517. 



