NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA — HAURY AND HARGRAVE I5 



Rooms I and 3 of test 11, yielded 75 fragments of charred pine; 

 those which have been dated give either 1378 or 1380 as the year of 

 cutting. 



The number of wood specimens recovered from rooms i, 2, 3, and 4, 

 test II, totals 348; of these 106 have been matched into the tree-ring 

 calendar but do not show the true outsides of the logs, while 62 other 

 beam sections record the actual year of cutting. This latter group 

 represents possibly 20 to 25 individual trees, the majority of which 

 were felled either in 1378, 1380, or 1382. It seems permissible, there- 

 fore, to assume that the block of rooms in which these dated specimens 

 were found, was erected during the five-year period beginning in 1378. 

 Apparently construction ceased in this section with the year 1382. A 

 few earlier dates, namely, 1175, 1179, 1279, 1282, and 1356 are 

 undoubtedly re-used timbers. 



Charcoal fragments from the various rooms of tests i. 2, 3, and 12 

 (fig. 2) collectively, show a building period that extended, roughly, 

 from 1360 to 1375. Numerous other pieces fall generally into two 

 previous periods, ending respectively about 1204 and 1272. Unfortu- 

 nately few of these show terminal dates so that the above years are of 

 relative value only. As is set forth later, this part of the pueblo showed 

 an unmistakable double occupation. While some disturbance of the 

 debris between the two floors was apparent, much of the charcoal 

 coming therefrom dated in the neighborhood of the earlier period 

 suggested. Positive association, however, cannot be claimed, hence 

 1204 remains only a tentative date for the lower level of occupancy. 



Tests 15 and 16, in the southeast quarter of the ruin, disclosed no 

 evidence of superposed dwellings. With but few exceptions, all beams 

 dated from this section were felled in the late 14th century. In a 

 number of pieces from test 15 the final ring is 1383, indicating that the 

 tree was cut sometime during the winter of 1383-4. This is the 

 most recent cutting date found by us at Showlow and probably marks 

 the end of construction in the pueblo. 



A comparative study of all dated charcoal specimens verifies an 

 anticipated condition in Showlow ruin, viz., that the last structural 

 additions were made at both extremities of the pueblo, the most recent 

 at the south end. This longitudinal expansion was apparently con- 

 trolled by the contour of the elevation on which the ruin rests. It seems 

 that maximum lateral expansion was reached first ; then a few rooms 

 were added at the north end filling out all available space at the point 

 of the elevation, and the last rooms were appended at the south end, 

 the only direction in which the pueblo could be easily enlarged. If the 



