20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



region ' and also in the Jeddito Valley ' have been found to be of 

 rectangular form. The apparent lack of kivas in Showlow ruin need 

 not necessarily imply their entire absence as they may yet be found 

 in several parts of the pueblo which have not been thoroughly 

 examined. 



MATERIAL CULTURE 



Although the ensuing consideration of cultural material may ap- 

 pear to be a repetition of notes presented some years ago by other 

 investigators, I feel that repetition is justified by the pre-Spanish 

 dates recently fixed for Showlow ruin. By dating the building itself, 

 the artifacts found within it may also be dated. 



Foods. — All vegetal products recovered were found in a charred 

 state, obviously preventing accurate and complete description. Practi- 

 cally every room yielded some corn, either shelled or on the cob. 

 Shelled corn was ordinarily stored in large ollas, while ear corn was 

 piled up row upon row, as is the custom of the modern Pueblo Indians. 

 Such piles, when burned, generated a heat so intense as to fuse together 

 large masses of the com and even vitrify the adobe wall plaster. 



Although beans likewise were stored in ollas we encountered them 

 much less frequently than com. A single small variety, Phasealus sp." 

 is represented. 



Berry-yielding bushes are found abundantly in this timbered region, 

 especially along the water courses. It was not surprising, therefore, 

 to find among the stores of food stufifs, small quantities of berries. 

 These have been identified as the fruit of the manzanita, Arctostophy- 

 los pungens. This berry is about the size of a pea and has a large 

 crenulated seed. The meaty parts are edible either raw or cooked. 



Black walnuts {Juglans major) were also uncovered. The nuts are 

 small but palatable, and probably were extensively used by the Indians. 

 Walnut thickets still fringe the banks of Showlow Creek and the 

 annual crop of nuts is relished by the children of the neighborhood. 



Mammals. — Showlow ruin is located in what was formerly a well 

 stocked game area. Deer and turkeys still range the nearby forests and 



^A rectangular room with flagstone floor and platform in Four-mile ruin 

 described by Fewkes (1904, pp. 137-138) is apparently a kiva; the Hawikuh 

 kiva (Hodge, F. W., 1922, pp. 9-10), and the kiva uncovered in Pinedale ruin 

 described in this report were rectangular. 



'' See the chapters on Kokopnyama and Kin Tiel, herein, by Hargrave. 



^ For the identification of vegetal products we are indebted to Prof. J. J. 

 Thornber, botanist, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, 

 Tucson. 



