22 ' SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



fragmentary specimen in plate 6, figure i, a, which is 8 inches long and 

 3 inches wide. The mano shown in plate 6, figure i, h,\'s, of the same 

 class but the grinding face is not so pronouncedly angular. Its dimen- 

 sions are I2^ by 5 inches. The obverse sides of both manos here 

 pictured are rough and unfinished. Their length corresponds to the 

 width of the metates on which they were used. Instead of being made 

 of volcanic rock as are the manos of the first type, these are invariably 

 composed of hard sandstone. 



As to the relative time of the above two forms of grinders, we can 

 say that in the northeast quarter and in the lower level of occupation 

 the trough variety only were found, while in rooms dating after about 

 A. D. 13751 both types were coexistent, a greater proportion of the 

 second type being present. 



Paint metates. — Still in the category of metates are several speci- 

 mens of rough volcanic blocks which are unmodified except for a 

 shallow depression in one side. In these hollows the traces of paint 

 materials which were ground in them are still visible. Oval handstones, 

 some also showing color, were no doubt used in these. The basinlike 

 depression suggests a rotary motion instead of one away from and 

 towards the body. 



Hammerstones.—These were used for pecking, chipping, and in 

 countless other ways about the home, and are plentiful in Showlow 

 ruin. They vary from small discoidal stones weighing a few ounces to 

 large ones weighing a pound or more, and are usually formed of lava, 

 diorite, or quartzite. 



Stone axes— -The. stone axes recovered by us were all short-bitted 

 (pi. 6, fig. I, c), none being over 6 inches in length. All, however, 

 were carefully finished and possessed the three-quarter groove or the 

 •straight back which is typical of Middle Gila axes. Long-bladed axes 

 of the true Gila type were found by Mr. Whipple. 



Polisher. — While this fragmentary specimen (pi. 6, fig. i, d) seems 

 to have been used primarily in polishing arrowshafts, it also suggests 

 other uses. It comes from the northeast quarter of the ruin and is 

 made of a fine-textured basaltic lava, carefully worked even to the 

 smoothing of the sides and ends. Its dimensions are 2^ inches in 

 height from the bottom to the crest of the medial shoulder and 2f 

 inches in width. The groove to the right of the shoulder was 

 apparently used in finishing arrow shafts but the opposite side does 

 not show this, although it is well worn. A short lateral groove cuts 

 the shoulder i inch from the unbroken end. The bottom of the 

 implement also indicates wear. 



