62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



pending further examination of charcoal specimens. This, then, would 

 signify an interval of fully 75 years between the earliest Showlow 

 level and the major Pinedale occupation, and a difiference of more 

 than 75 years between the latter and the final Showlow occupation. 

 Or, applied to pottery, which would be post-datum in all cases, the 

 early Showlow wares would be 1204 (?), Pinedale about 1290, and 

 late Showlow, 1375. Thus pottery types are not only assigned to their 

 respective positions in the chronology but we also obtain a relative 

 idea as to the amount of time elapsed during which wares acquired 

 new traits or even nearly lost their original identity. 



The Pinedale pottery which is treated in the following paragraphs 

 was dominant in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. It can be 

 broadly classified into the following types : black-on-white, black-on- 

 red, black-and-white-on-red, plain, corrugated, and intrusive. 



Black-on-ivkite. — This type is apparently the result of a blending 

 of the two black-on-white types observed at Showlow which evidenced 

 both northern and southeastern contacts. In the Pinedale black-on- 

 white, features of both older types were retained in modified form 

 and new ones added producing quite a distinct pottery. In properly 

 fired vessels, the paste is nearly white, otherwise it is darker in color. 

 The tempering is almost pure pulverized sherds. In some cases there 

 is a slight admixture of quartz grains and a few dark particles which 

 may be basalt. The slip is thin, light gray in color, and the surfaces as 

 a rule are well pebble-polished. The black paint is thin, either dull 

 or a near glaze ; when the latter, it is frequently translucent. Whether 

 two pigments were used is doubtful, as in a number of pieces the dull 

 paint may merge into the shiny, the difference being due apparently 

 to the amount of paint present and the length of firing. Overfiring 

 seems to have eliminated the incipient glaze qualities, as in extreme 

 cases of overfiring the paint is a dull brown. 



Ollas. — Judging by the abundance of sherds, black-on-white ollas 

 were very common. The bodies are full and of greatest diameter 

 horizontally ; the orifices are small, seldom exceeding 5 inches in diam- 

 eter. The neck is almost invariably vertical, in some cases rising at 

 right angles from the body to a height of i to 2 inches. The lips are 

 direct or slightly flared. 



Decoration is applied in two zones, on the neck and on the major 

 portion of the body. There seems to have been no fixed manner of 

 decorating the necks. Sometimes the lip is painted black to which 

 other elements are attached as in plate 19, figure i, nos. 1,2, and 3. 

 Again the patterns may be banded horizontally, framed by narrow or 



