NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA — HAURY AND HARGRAVE 'J'] 



polychrome at Casa Grande ruin/ show that glazed pottery entered 

 the trade channels and was carried far afield before 1520. 



The arguments for a post-Spanish origin for glaze in the Pueblo 

 region can hardly be considered tenable in view of the unerring 

 evidence of stratigraphy and dendro-chronology combined. 



It is of especial interest to note that in the Pinedale horizon two 

 types of glaze occurred contemporaneously for a short tim.e. The 

 indications of Mr. Hawley's paint tests are that the redware invariably 

 carried a lead glaze with a relatively high copper content, while the 

 black glaze on white ware contained neither lead nor copper but was 

 apparently of a salt compound. The latter was earlier than the lead 

 glaze, for a small percent of black-on-white pottery from the lower 

 Showlow stratum bore a black shiny paint, foreshadowing its later 

 development. It seems to have passed out of existence, however, with 

 black-on-white ware, being survived by the lead glaze. It may there- 

 fore have contributed in some measure to the development of the 

 superior lead glaze paint. 



The sequential development of the decorated redware of the first 

 Showlow horizon to Four-mile polychrome of the final stage makes 

 an interesting disclosure concerning the spatial element involved in 

 ceramic progression. If the date ascribed to the oldest culture period 

 is correct, namely. A. D. 1204, then approximately 200 years elapsed 

 to effect the changes. The transitional form, Pinedale polychrome, 

 comes about midway between the two terminal dates. Thus approxi- 

 mately each century, basic changes were made in pottery, so that 

 by the end of a 200-year period, the resultant form had but little 

 resemblance to its earliest forerunner. These figures are not given as 

 generalities, as the rate of development undoubtedly depended upon 

 the nearness to a manufacturing nucleus and upon external influences, 

 but they seem to hold true for the region under consideration. 



The accurate date-checks of Four-mile polychrome which have 

 been secured make it invaluable as an indicator of time in those 

 ruins where it is found. Thus, Four-mile ruin, a site near Shumway, 

 Homolobi, Chavez Pass, Chevlon, and a few others were occupied as 

 late possibly as the beginning of the 15th century. The occurrence of 

 Four-mile polychrome in Gila Pueblo, Globe, and at Casa Grande, 

 west of Florence, shows trade relations and, hence, life in those sites 

 as late as about 1400. Mr. H. S. Gladwin's recovery of four or five 

 sherds of this ware in the Late or Classic horizon at Casa Grande is 

 convincing as to the recency of occupation there. 



' The Medallion, 1929, pi. IV. 

 7 



