NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARGRAVE 83 



tion with Zuni/ Excavation, however, proved the absence of charred 

 timbers and we turned to another depression of similar appearance. 



Contrary to expectations this second test revealed a rectangular 

 room which differed only in non-essentials from similar chambers 

 in present-day Hopi villages. We had no reason to expect a subterra- 

 nean room of this type even though there was some justification for 

 the belief that Kin Tiel was contemporaneous with prehistoric Hopi 

 settlements of the late Pueblo III and early Pueblo IV horizons. We 

 had noted no superficial evidence of Hopi culture, but Mindeleff had 

 remarked " that large circular depressions often revealed rectangular 

 rooms. This statement was based on the fact that he had found, only 

 a few feet from our second excavation, the walls of a rectangular 

 room which for lack of time he was unable completely to lay bare. We 

 finished the work he started in this particular chamber (our KT-II) 

 and the resultant floor plan closely resembles that of KT-I, the first 

 kiva we excavated at Kin Tiel. 



For a better understanding of the Hopi type of kiva let us consider 

 this latter chamber (fig. 24). Its floor is divided into what we may 

 call the kiva room and the platform, or alcove. On the elevated plat- 

 form, spectators might gather to witness the rituals performed in 

 the larger space where the " altar " appropriate to each ceremony was 

 arranged and the accompanying prayer dramatized.^ 



It is probable that this kiva, KT-I, is the oldest of the Hopi type 

 yet excavated, and while its shape seems to be a modification of the 

 earlier rectangular kiva, such as those at Betatakin, for example, in 

 this instance there appear to be two rooms combined and remodelled. 

 This is indicated by the difference in construction of the two divi- 

 sions : the walls of the platform are of masonry, whereas those of 

 the kiva room are merely the adobe plastered sides of a hole dug into 

 hard-packed sand. The kiva floor, or area devoted to ceremonial 

 purposes, is both wider and longer than that of the platform, though 

 both were under the same roof. 



Other general characteristics of the special type noted in KT-I are : 

 oft'sets or jogs, in the side wall where the kiva room and platform 

 alcove meet ; the deflector, or fire screen ; the firepit ; the ventilator, 

 in the lower face of the platform; the ventilator passageway beneath 



'8th Ann. Rep., Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 1886-7, P- 9^- 



"8th Ann. Rep., Bur. Ainer. Ethnol., 1886-7, P- 93- 



*A detailed architectural description of the Hopi kiva of the nineteenth cen- 

 tury is given by Mindeleff in A study of Pueblo architecture, Tusayaii and 

 Cibola. 8th Ann. Rep., Bur. Amer. Ethnol., 1886-7. 



