NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARGRAVE II7 



With the exception of one specimen of charcoal found in a refuse 

 heap and which was dated in 1928 ' all others were from kivas. Kiva 

 R-24 was the only one in which dated roof beams were found. Seven- 

 teen of these dated 1380, two others giving the years 1362 and 1368 

 respectively. The great number of specimens dating 1380 A. D. 

 would indicate that the kiva was either constructed in that or the 

 following year. The remaining charcoal specimen was found in the 

 firepit of Kiva R-23 and dated 1416, proving that the kiva was in 

 use after that year. Many specimens from Kokopnyama still remain 

 to be dated. 



POTTERY CHRONOLOGY 



Though several expeditions were made to the Hopi country in the 

 latter part of the 19th century, it was not until 1917 that an effort was 

 made through correlation, and stratigraphic and statistical methods 

 to work out a chronological sequence of pottery development for 

 the Little Colorado area, which includes the Hopi country. This work 

 was undertaken by Spier,"^ of the American Museum of Natural His- 

 tory, whose principal object was a determination of the Zuiii series. 

 The occurrence of Hopi pottery was lumped under the term " Buff- 

 ware," which term was applied to Hopi as well as Zuni wares. Thus, 

 the Hopi sequence remained unsolved, and it was Kidder in 1923 

 and 1926 who first threw light upon the subject. As a result of a 

 survey of a number of ruins, from surface examination and strati- 

 graphic investigation he was able to determine that a yellow ware 

 with black decoration preceded the Sikyatki polychrome which was 

 in use at the Hopi pueblos when the Spaniards arrived in 1540. 



This was the condition of affairs in the spring and summer of 1928 

 when the writer made a survey for Dr. A. E. Douglass in the interest 

 of the Second National Geographic Society Beam Expedition, in an 

 effort to determine those sites occupied or abandoned during the 

 period known in the Douglass tree-ring chronology as the " Gap," 

 a period which covered the time between late black-on-white wares and 

 the development of early historic pottery types. 



Briefly, the result of the 1928 study of Hopi pottery was the es- 

 tablishment of a pottery sequence for Pueblo IV in the Hopi country, 



^ Douglass, Andrew ElHcott, The secret of the Southwest solved by talkative 

 tree rings. Nat. Geogr. Mag., Dec, 1929. 



" An outline for a chronology of Zuni ruins. Anthrop. Papers, Amer. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., Vol. XVIII, pt. 3, New York, 1917. 



