NO. 2 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I924 75 



Important as the archeological work of our Expedition has been, 

 a summary of the year's activities in China should include a state- 

 ment concerning the perhaps still more gratifying success we have 

 had in accomplishing what was the fundamental object of our Expedi- 

 tion; namely, the establishment of a cooperative agreement between 

 ourselves and the Chinese authorities with regard to archeological 

 research. This agreement establishes for the first time, a mutually 

 beneficial relationship between Chinese and Western archeologists, 

 which will prove to be, let us hope, a dignified working basis for more 

 enlightened scholarship and valuable scientific research in this in- 

 creasingly important field. The cooperative agreement between our- 

 selves and the Chinese authorities was confirmed by the unsolicited 

 appointment of Mr. Bishop as Honorary Advisor in Archeology to 

 the Historical Department of the Chinese government, and, later, by 

 the permissions granted to our Expedition, not only by the Governor 

 of Shensi and the Director of Education for Honan, to excavate 

 within their respective provinces, but also by the Ministry of Educa- 

 tion, to excavate anywhere in China. 



ETHNOLOGICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RECONNOISSANCE 



IN ARIZONA 



During August and September, Dr. Walter Elough, head curator of 

 anthropology, U. S. National Museum, carried on ethnological and 

 archeological reconnoissance work in Arizona. Revisiting the White 

 jVIountain Apache after an absence of several years, efifort was made 

 to ascertain the present status of these Indians in comparison with 

 their condition and attitude towards innovations some years ago. 

 Measures adopted for the welfare of the Indians give imperceptible 

 results for a period ; then the innovation is gradually accepted and 

 finally reaches the effective stage among the larger number of Indians. 

 In this way schools, hospitals, etc., slowly enter the consciousness 

 of the Indian. Attempts to hasten matters unadvisedly in the past 

 have resulted in disastrous failure, blocking the orderly course of 

 reforms. More basic and perhaps more important is the extension 

 of commerce and the consequent realization by the Indian of the 

 value of money. Last year two prominent Apaches occupied American 

 type houses. This step appears to mark the abandonment of the 

 miserable, unsanitary tipi of brush which has held back the Apache 

 during all his generations. 



Among the Hopi it is becoming apparent that changes are in prog- 

 ress that will profoundly afifect the persistence of this Indian group. 



