NO. 2 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I924 I27 



flushed with water to remove all shreds, after which the holes are 

 burned with a heated iron and shaped with a sharp knife. The imple- 

 ment used in removing the pith is the stiff quill of a tail feather of 

 the wild turkey. 



The player usually shakes a gourd rattle with his right hand, finger- 

 ing the flute with his left hand. The music at weddings is provided 

 chiefly by two flute players, each with a gourd rattle, one being the 

 Chief Musician who is accorded great honor, while the other is his 

 assistant. The melodies played on the flute were simple and pleasing. 

 Dictaphone records of the music of the flute and pan-pipes were made 

 and transcribed in musical notation. The former intrument produced 

 the tones of the minor triad on E flat, and the latter had a compass 

 of seven tones. In one instance the melody played on the pan-pipe was 

 based on G flat, and in another it was based on G. 



The gourd rattle of the Tule is of the usual type, a round gourd 

 being pierced by a stick which forms the handle, but differs from the 

 rattle of North American tribes in that the gourd is often fastened 

 to the handle by a cord that passes through it (fig. 128). Two types 

 of gourd rattle are in use, one by the men and the other by the women. 

 The former, used in connection with the flute, is not large in size but 

 contains rather heavy pebbles. The latter is of two sorts, one being 

 used by the women when dancing and the other " to put the babies 

 to sleep." Information concerning these rattles was given by Alice 

 Perry (fig. 129). The woman's dancing rattle contains many small 

 pebbles, one being shown as the large, decorated rattle in the accom- 

 panying illustration. The second named is a smaller rattle (in the 

 illustration) and contains numerous small pebbles and one rather 

 large pebble. When this rattle is shaken the first resultant sound is 

 that of the small pebbles, this is followed by the rolling of the larger 

 stone which, continued steadily, has a peculiarly soothing effect. The 

 Tule, like other tribes, have songs which are sung by mothers to put 

 the children to sleep, but this is the first instance known to the writer 

 in which Indians use instrumental music for this purpose. 



The native dress of the women, with a glimpse of native environ- 

 ment, is shown in figure 130, a picture taken ten or more years ago. 

 Attention is directed to the heavy necklaces of silver coins and the 

 armlets and anklets of beads. The cotton tunics are decorated with 

 applique designs of material in a contrasting color, the work being 

 done with neatness. 



