NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  93 
65  to  69.  First,  however,  we  will  consider  the  Punuk  pieces  from 
Miyowagh,  most  of  which,  significantly  enough,  are  somewhat  less 
straightened  in  appearance  than  the  later  and  more  typical  examples 
from  the  pure  Punuk  site,  levoghiyoq.  The  earliest  Punuk  style, 
which  we  will  designate  as  Punuk  i,  may  be  divided  into  two  phases. 
Phase  I,  which  is  restricted  to  harpoon  heads,  makes  use  of  lightly 
incised  lines,  straight  and  cleanly  cut,  but  not  very  deep.  Phase  2 
employs  the  same  kind  of  lines  but  in  addition  has  short,  lightly  in- 
cised spurs,  dots,  and  (rarely)    freehand  circles. 
At  Miyowagh,  Punuk  ornamentation  was  applied  to  harpoon  heads 
much  more  frequently  than  to  any  other  artifacts.  Consequently,  these 
provide  the  best  basis  for  chronological  determinations,  not  only  be- 
cause of  their  large  numbers,  but  also  because  of  definite  and  consistent 
changes  of  form  which  are  correlated  with  this  particular  style  of 
art.  These  will  be  discussed  in  some  detail  in  the  section  on  harpoon 
heads.  It  will  be  sufficient  here  to  point  out  that  practically  all  of 
the  harpoon  heads  with  Punuk  decoration  came  from  the  northwest- 
ern part  of  the  midden  or  from  the  upper  levels  of  the  southeastern 
part.  One  of  the  oldest  forms  of  harpoon  heads  with  this  decoration 
is  that  shown  in  plate  24,  figures  19-21.  These  heads,  belonging  to 
open  socket  type  III  x,  represent  a  stage  in  the  process  of  simplification 
which  took  place  within  this  type ;  they  differ  from  the  earlier  form 
(represented  by  pi.  24,  figs.  11-18)  in  that  they  are  smaller,  have  a 
less  prominent  basal  spur,  and  a  decoration  of  simple  lines  instead  of 
elaborate  Old  Bering  Sea  designs.  However,  they  have  retained  the 
graceful  shape  of  the  earlier  heads,  as  well  as  the  small  curving  barbs 
along  the  edges.  Furthermore,  the  small  rounded  elevations  around 
the  line  hole  are  clearly  survivals  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  "  eyes  " 
which  were  formed  of  circles  or  ellipses  surmounting  elevations  that 
occupied  the  same  positions.  It  should  also  be  noted  that  the  lines 
in  figures  19,  20,  and  21  follow  the  same  paths  as  those  more  deeply 
incised  lines  which,  on  the  Old  Bering  Sea  heads,  served  to  divide 
the  surface  into  decorative  fields.  This  particular  style  of  decoration, 
consisting  of  nothing  more  than  lines,  is  designated  as  phase  i  of 
Punuk  style  i.  Plate  24,  figures  22  and  23,  represent  the  end  result 
of  simplification  within  this  type  of  harpoon  head ;  they  have  lost 
the  smooth,  rounded  contour  and  the  graceful  barbs  of  the  older 
heads ;  the  vestigial  "  eyes  "  are  still  further  reduced,  and  the  orna- 
mentation (in  fig.  23),  which  includes  the  use  of  light  spurs,  is  that 
which  is  typical  of  phase  2  of  Punuk  style  i. 
Exactly  the  same  condition  is  observed  in  the  next  group  of  harpoon 
heads — open  socket  type   III  y — which  differs  from  the   foregoing 
