NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  IO3 
metrical.  The  stratigraphic  evidence  also  indicates  that  it  is  actually 
a  later  form  than  either  type  I  x  or  I  y ;  for  whereas  the  latter  were 
found  only  at  the  Hillside  site  or  at  considerable  depths  in  the  old 
section  of  the  Miyowagh  midden,  those  of  type  II  x  all  come  from 
Miyowagh,  and  mostly  from  the  upper  levels. 
Open  socket  type  II  y. — Same  as  above  but  with  the  side  blades 
at  right  angles  to  the  line  hole;  flattened  oval  in  cross-section.  (PI. 
24,  figs.  9,  10.) 
This  type  was  not  found  at  the  Hillside  site,  and  there  are  only 
four  examples  from  Miyowagh.  Two  of  these  are  shown  in  plate 
24,  figures  9  and  lo.  The  other  is  the  decorated  fragment  shown  in 
plate  15,  figure  lo,  from  cut  3,  in  the  later,  northwestern,  section  of 
Miyowagh,  but  at  a  depth  of  54  inches.  The  spur,  which  is  damaged, 
is  definitely  tri furcated,  and  there  are  two  lashing  slots.  Although 
the  upper  end  is  broken,  parts  of  two  sockets  for  side  blades,  at  right 
angles  to  the  line  hole,  are  still  clearly  visible.  Plate  24,  figures  9 
and  10,  from  the  southeastern  section  of  Miyowagh  (cut  23,  depth  58 
in.,  and  cut  9,  depth  36  in.,  respectively)  and  the  one  not  illustrated 
(from  cut  5,  41  in.  deep)  are  of  particular  interest  because  they  rep- 
resent the  first  appearance  at  Gambell  of  harpoon  heads  that  embody 
the  essential  features  of  the  Birnirk  type,  predominant  at  the  older 
sites  around  Point  Barrow.  They  all  have  the  trifurcated,  asym- 
metrical spur,  the  two  side  blades  at  right  angles  to  the  line  hole,  and 
the  general  shape,  long  and  narrow,  flattened  oval  in  cross-section — 
features  which  are  characteristic  of  the  Birnirk  heads,  although  as 
a  rule  the  latter  have  only  one  side  blade,  with  a  sharp,  prominent 
barb  opposite,  instead  of  two  side  blades.  As  we  shall  see  later, 
harpoon  heads  of  this  generalized  Birnirk  type  occur  with  somewhat 
greater  frequency  in  the  Punuk  stage,  and  resemble  the  Birnirk  heads 
of  the  Arctic  coast  in  the  further  particular  of  being  made  of  bone 
instead  of  ivory.  Added  evidence  of  the  relationship  of  plate  24, 
figure  10,  to  the  Birnirk  group  is  shown  in  the  decoration,  which 
consists  of  two  straight  lines  down  the  sides,  one  of  them  forking 
at  the  line  hole,  and  a  V-shaped  depression  just  above  the  line  hole. 
Open  socket  types  II  (a)  x ;  II  (a)  y;  II  (b)  x;  II  (b)  y; 
II  (c)  x;  II  (c)  y. — Under  the  above  headings  come  a  number  of 
harpoon  heads  all  of  which  have  bifurcated  spurs  or  side  blades,  or 
both.  They  are  all  derivatives  of  types  II  x  and  II  y,  but  since  they 
do  not  appear  until  fairly  late — well  into  the  Punuk  period — their 
description  will  be  deferred  until  we  come  to  deal  with  the  Punuk 
material. 
