Il8  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
back  to  the  Old  Bering  Sea  period.  The  others  are  all  related  to 
the  somewhat  later  type  II  (a)  y  (pi.  24,  figs.  9,  10),  which,  as  was 
pointed  out  previously,  represents  the  first  appearance  in  the  Gambell 
sequence  of  a  harpoon  head  which  embodies  the  essential  character- 
istics of  the  Birnirk  (Point  Barrow)  type.  In  these  later  forms  of 
the  type  II  head  the  Birnirk  relationship  may  still  be  seen,  even  though 
each  of  the  subtypes  has  in  one  feature  or  another  departed  from  the 
full  Birnirk.  Thus  they  all  have  bifurcated  spurs,  usually  lateral 
and  asymmetrical ;  two  of  the  forms  have  functional  side  blades,  and 
one  has  ornamental  grooves  representing  vestigial  side  blades ;  three 
of  them  lack  end  blades ;  and  most  of  them  have  a  single  lashing  slot 
with  an  opposite  groove  as  frequently  as  two  lashing  slots.  It  is  also 
significant  that  of  these  10  specimens,  9  are  of  bone  (in  addition 
to  4  unfinished  heads  and  i  fragment  which  are  not  included  in  table 
2  because  of  uncertainty  as  to  which  particular  subtype  of  type  II 
they  would  have  belonged).  On  the  other  hand,  bone  was  very  seldom 
used  in  making  other  types  of  harpoon  heads  at  Miyowagh  ;  among  the 
hundreds  of  specimens,  fragments  and  all,  there  are,  in  addition  to 
those  enumerated  above,  only  nine  which  are  made  of  bone.  The 
fact  that  more  than  half  of  all  the  bone  harpoon  heads  from  Miyowagh 
are  of  these  Birnirk-like  forms  would  make  it  appear  either  that  the 
latter  were  importations  on  St.  Lawrence  Island ;  or  if  of  local  manu- 
facture, that  they  were  made  by  emigrants  from  some  region  where 
bone  was  the  predominant  material  used  and  the  Birnirk  head  the 
predominant  type.  Further  evidence  in  the  same  direction  is  afforded 
by  the  decoration  on  these  Birnirk-like  specimens.  Wherever  decora- 
tion is  present  it  conforms  rather  closely  to  that  found  on  the  Birnirk 
heads  from  around  Barrow — a  pair  of  straight  lines  (one  of  which 
may  be  forked)  down  the  sides,  and  frequently  a  V-shaped  depression 
just  above  the  line  hole.  Plate  28,  figures  i,  2,  4-7,  all  show  this  style 
in  some  degree,  although  the  decoration  is  rather  crudely  applied. 
The  four  harpoon  heads  shown  in  plate  2"],  figures  1-4,  from  Punuk 
Island  and  Cape  Kialegak,  are  better  examples  of  the  Birnirk  type, 
both  in  form  and  ornamentation,  than  those  which  we  happened  to 
find  at  Gambell. 
Open  socket  type  III  (a)  x. — Two  lashing  slots;  a  single,  lateral 
spur;  round  line  hole,  below  which  is  usually  a  shallow  groove  into 
which  the  lashing  slots  open  ;  end  blade,  parallel  with  line  hole  ;  decora- 
tion Punuk  (rarely  Old  Bering  Sea),  or  plain.    (PI.  28,  figs.  8-14.) 
This  type  includes  very  few  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  heads,  mainly 
for  the  reason  that  during  this  period  the  spur  was  usually  divided 
rather  than  single.    There  are,  however,  three  specimens  with  Old 
