NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  I47 
Kmfk  Sh.xrplnkrs 
On  plate  38,  figures  11 -14,  are  shown  four  knife  sharpeners,  made 
from  very  young  walrus  tusks.  Knife  sharpeners  of  this  type  are 
still  used  on  St.  Lawrence  Island.  Twelve  were  found  at  Miyowagh, 
as  follows : 
Cut  3.  40  inches.  Cut  4.  20  inches.  Cut  18,  27  inches  (  pi.  38,  fig. 
12)  ;  36  inches  (J.  ]-»l.  38,  figs.  13  and  14).  Cut  19.  5  inches  ;  12  inches; 
17  inches;  24  inches;  42  inches:  76  inches  (pi.  38,  fig.  11).  Cut  24, 
54  inches. 
They  are  usually  unworked  except  for  the  upper  end  which  is 
beveled  and  perforated  for  the  suspension  cord.  Exceptions  are  plate 
38.  figure  14,  the  central  part  of  which  has  been  cut  down  and  plate  38, 
figures  12.  13.  with  the  upper  ends  carved  to  represent  whales'  tails. 
In  the  first  of  these  there  is  no  perforation,  the  line  evidently  having 
been  tied  on.  In  the  case  of  plate  38.  figure  13.  the  perforation  is  a 
slot,  placed  about  midway,  with  part  of  the  baleen  line  still  attached 
Stone  Implements 
One  of  the  most  striking  features  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture  is 
the  extensive  use  of  chipped  stone  implements.  At  the  Hillside  site 
242  artifacts  of  chij^ped  stone  were  found,  far  more  than  at  all  the 
other  Gambell  sites  combined.  ( )f  these.  101  were  of  chert  or  jasper; 
141  of  slate.  There  were  also  140  specimens  of  rublx^d  slate.  Chipped 
stone  implements  were  also  fairly  common  at  Miyowagh.  but  here 
there  were  many  more  of  rubbed  slate.  At  the  three  later  sites  chipped 
implements  were  rarely  found.  In  plates  39  to  43  are  shown  the  vari- 
ous types  of  stone  implements  found  at  the  Hillside  site  ;  the  same  types 
were  found  to  occur  also  at  Miyowagh. 
The  classification  of  stone  im])lements  is  always  difficult.  Some 
types,  like  drills,  gravers,  and  ulu  blades,  can  be  recognized  easily 
enough,  l)ut  there  are  others  which  are  more  questionable.  Thus,  it 
is  not  possible  to  assign  a  definite  function  to  many  of  the  cruder 
implements,  such  as  flakes  with  a  retouched  edge  which  could  have 
served  either  as  knives  or  scrapers,  and  it  is  still  more  difficult  to 
distinguish  in  many  cases  between  projectile  points  and  knife  blades. 
Harpoon  blades. — No  harpoon  heads  with  an  end  blade  in  place 
were  found  at  the  Hillside  site  and  only  one  at  Miyowagh.  I  have 
designated  as  harpoon  blades,  therefore,  only  those  tangless  forms  of 
rubbed  slate  which  are  very  thin,  symmetrical,  and  triangular  in 
shape.  Examples  are  shown  in  plate  39.  figures  1-5,  all  broken;  in 
all,  23  were  found,  none  of  them  complete.    It  is  probable  that  these 
