150  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
figure  3,  is  included  among  the  drills  because  of  its  shape,  although  it 
is  quite  possible  that  it  was  used  as  a  scraper.  It  is  of  dark  gray  chert 
roughly  four-sided  in  cross-section  and  is  rubbed  down  to  a  chisel- 
like edge  at  both  ends.  Plate  41,  figures  4  and  7,  are  of  chipped  slate, 
somewhat  similar  in  shape  to  figure  3,  although  somewhat  flatter ; 
figure  4  is  the  only  one  of  the  seven  drill  points  showing  unmistakable 
signs  of  wear.  Slender  drill  points  of  this  type  were  undoubtedly 
hafted,  but  those  with  widely  flaring  upper  ends  such  as  plate  41, 
figures  5  and  6,  were  probably  used  as  hand  drills  or  perforators, 
instead  of  being  set  in  a  wooden  shank ;  figure  5,  has  been  rather  care- 
fully chipped  all  over  and  brought  to  a  long  tapering  point.  Figure  6 
is  a  flake,  only  the  tip  having  been  chipped  out ;  the  upper  curved  edge 
has  been  retouched,  suggesting  that  it  also  served  as  a  knife  or  scraper. 
Gravers. — Eleven  artifacts  are  identified  as  gravers.  The  character- 
istic feature  is  one  or  more  sharp  points,  even  though  there  may  be 
chipping  along  other  edges  or  over  the  entire  surface.  Plate  41,  figure 
8,  is  made  from  a  thin  flake  of  dark-colored  chert.  The  sharp  tip  has 
been  smoothed  somewhat  from  use.  On  the  side  visible  on  the  plate 
a  curving  edge  has  been  chipped  a  short  distance  up  from  the  point 
while  on  the  reverse  the  straight  edge  has  been  chipped  from  tip  to 
upper  corner.  The  remaining  gravers  were  fashioned  from  flakes  of 
jasper,  chalcedony  and  quartz.  Plate  41,  figure  13,  of  white,  translucent 
quartz,  has  a  thin  cutting  edge  5  mm  wide  which  is  worn  smooth 
through  use ;  it  has  not  been  worked  otherwise.  Plate  41,  figures  9-12 
and  14,  are  thick  flakes.  Figure  12  is  chipped  on  both  surfaces,  the 
others  only  on  one  surface.  All  have  finely  rechipped  edges,  indicating 
that  they  were  used  for  cutting  or  scraping  as  well  as  engraving. 
Figure  14  has  been  chipped  with  more  than  ordinary  skill ;  flakes  have 
been  thrown  off  along  an  abrupt  curving  ridge  which  runs  from  tip 
to  tip ;  the  upper  shorter  tip  is  slightly  worn,  the  lower  broken.  The 
tips  of  figure  12  and  two  others  not  figured  are  also  considerably  worn. 
Plate  56,  figures  i  and  2,  are  two  engraving  tools  of  jasper,  from 
Miyowagh,  complete  with  wooden  handles  and  baleen  lashings.  These 
show  the  probable  manner  in  which  stone  gravers  such  as  plate  41, 
figures  10-13,  were  hafted. 
Scrapers. 
a.  Side  scrapers. — In  dealing  with  stone  artifacts  with  chipped 
edges  it  is  not  always  possible  to  differentiate  between  those  used  as 
scrapers  and  those  used  as  knives.  I  have,  therefore,  arbitrarily  classed 
as  side  scrapers  all  irregularly  shaped  stone  implements — almost  all 
of  them  flakes — which  have  been  chipped  along  one  or  more  edges, 
even  though  some  were  in  all  probability  designed  for  cutting  rather 
