NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND — COLLINS  I5I 
than  scraping.  Those  that  are  relatively  thick,  with  an  abruptly  chipped 
concave  edge,  may  safely  be  classed  as  scrapers ;  in  this  category  come 
those  shown  in  plate  41,  figures  15-26.  Plate  41,  figures  18,  19,  and 
20,  are  included,  for  even  though  they  are  straight-edged  or  almost 
so.  the  abruptly  chipped  edges  would  be  poorly  adapted  for  cutting. 
The  thinner  flakes,  such  as  plate  41,  figures  27-31.  are  more  doubtful, 
for  these,  with  their  finely  chipped,  relatively  straight  edges,  could 
have  been  used  efifectively  as  knives.  On  these  five  implements  a  thin 
and  already  sharp  edge  has  been  chipped  just  enough  to  prevent 
dulling.  The  chipping  on  the  others,  plate  41,  figures  15-26,  seems 
to  have  been  designed  to  produce  a  strong  rather  than  a  sharp  edge. 
Figures  15  and  16  have  been  chipped  only  along  one  edge,  the  left; 
figure  17,  on  two  edges;  figures  i8  and  19  are  chipped  along  three 
edges;  and  figures  20  to  23,  all  the  way  around.  All  of  these  flakes 
are  more  or  less  concave-convex,  having  been  struck  ofif  from  a  core, 
and  the  chipping  is  invariably  restricted  to  the  edges  of  the  convex 
surface.  Plate  41,  figures  24,  25,  26  are  not  flakes  but  cores  showing 
all-over  chipping. 
On  plate  42,  figures  1-3,  are  shown  three-sided  scrapers  which  dififer 
from  those  described  above  in  that  edges  are  chipped  on  both  surfaces. 
Plate  42,  figure  i,  is  a  piece  of  dark-colored  silicious  slate,  with  chip- 
ping along  the  curved  edge  on  the  side  that  is  visible  and  on  the 
straight  edge  on  the  reverse  side.  Plate  42,  figure  2,  of  greenish  prase, 
is  triangular  in  shape  with  one  abruptly  chipped  edge  shown  at  the 
left  and  a  similar  one  opposite  it  on  the  other  side.  Plate  42,  figure  3, 
is  a  flake  of  jasper  with  chipping  along  all  edges ;  on  the  convex  side, 
which  is  visible  in  the  photograph,  chipping  extends  along  the  left 
edge  and  around  the  bottom ;  about  half  way  up  the  right  edge  the 
chipping  on  the  convex  surface  stops  but  continues  on  the  opposite  or 
concave  surface  from  that  point  around  the  upper  right  corner  and 
along  the  straight  upper  edge. 
/'.  End  scrapers. — This  is  the  well  known  type  of  scraper  that  is 
referred  to  under  various  names,  such  as  "  turtle-back  ",  "  hump- 
backed ",  "  snub-nosed  ",  "  thumb-nail  ",  etc.  Twelve  were  found, 
seven  of  which  are  illustrated  in  plate  42,  figures  4-10.  They  are 
made  from  thick  heavy  flakes  of  jasper,  the  concave  or  under  side 
being  left  unworked  while  the  convex  side  is  chipped  either  along 
the  lower  rounded  edge  or  over  the  entire  surface.  The  more  finished 
examples  of  this  type  of  scraper  are  thickest  at  the  lower  end,  just 
above  the  blunt,  steeply  sloping  edge.  All-over  chipping  of  the  con- 
vex surface  is  shown  in  plate  42,  figures  4,  6,  and  7.  The  lower  ends 
of  figures  4  and  5  arc  thick  and  wide,  the  upper  ends  tapering.  Figures 
