152  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
6  and  7  arc  shorter,  and  are  rounded  or  squarish  in  outHne.  Figure  8 
has  the  rounded  sloping  lower  edge  characteristic  of  end  scrapers, 
whereas  the  chipping  along  the  two  other  edges  suggests  that  the  im- 
plement may  also  have  served  as  a  side  scraper.  Plate  42,  figure  9,  is 
a  flat  type  of  end  scraper,  unfinished,  with  the  shape  hlocked  out  but 
with  only  crude  primary  chipping  along  the  edges.  Figure  10  also 
appears  unfinished,  although  the  polished  and  worn  lower  edge  shows 
that  it  has  been  put  to  use.  The  flat  slate  implement,  figure  11,  is 
included  among  the  end  scrapers  because  of  its  shape,  although  the 
chipped  edges  indicate  that  it  has  been  used  also  as  a  side  scraper. 
Adslike  scrapers. — We  now  come  to  a  type  of  implement  which  is 
characteristic  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture  but  which,  as  far  as  I 
know,  has  not  been  reported  from  outside  the  Eskimo  territory.  In 
general  shape  and  size  these  resemble  an  adz  blade  with  a  rough 
chipped  body  and  a  straight,  sharply  beveled,  smoothed  lower  edge 
(pi.  42,  figs.  12-14).  The  edge,  however,  instead  of  being  merely 
beveled  or  sharpened  as  on  the  usual  adz  blade,  is  very  abrupt,  in  some 
cases  being  ground  down  practically  flat  so  that  it  forms  a  right  angle 
with  the  sloping  lower  portion  of  the  blade.  Four  scrapers  of  this 
type,  from  Miyowagh,  are  illustrated  in  text  figure  16.  In  plate  42, 
figure  13.  the  under  side  meets  the  straight  smoothed  lower  edge  at 
a  right  angle,  and  the  upper  side,  visible  in  the  photograph,  descends 
almost  as  abruptly.  The  exact  function  of  implements  of  this  type  is 
not  clear,  although  a  reasonable  assumption  would  be  that  they  were 
used  in  scraping  skins  or  wood  since  the  edges  are  too  abrupt  to  have 
been  effective  for  cutting.  Furthermore,  the  edges  are  so  sharp  and 
perfect  that  they  could  hardly  have  been  used  for  scraping  anything 
as  hard  as  bone  or  ivory. 
Another  feature  of  these  adzlike  scrapers  may  be  seen  in  plate  42, 
figure  12  (of  dark-colored  chert),  namely,  the  smoothed  and  sharp- 
ened upper  end.  Unlike  the  abruptly  beveled  lower  end,  it  is  smoothed 
down  from  both  sides,  producing  an  ordinary  cutting  or  scraping  edge. 
The  fact  that  both  ends  are  fashioned  for  use  would  seem  to  show  that 
it  was  not  hafted  but  held  directly  in  the  hand.  Figure  14,  also  of 
chert,  is  somewhat  difl^erent  in  shape,  the  sides  tapering  down  to  the 
scraping  edge,  which  is  only  1.8  cm  long  instead  of  the  customary  3 
to  4  cm;  the  upper  end  appears  to  have  been  broken  off.  Figure  15, 
of  prase,  differs  from  the  first  three  in  having  a  thickened  lower  end 
which  descends  abruptly  to  the  scraping  edge,  in  this  respect  resembling 
the  end  scrapers  shown  in  plate  42,  figures  4  to  7.  Figure  16,  of  prase, 
is  very  similar,  although  it  is  not  clear  whether  the  chipped  lower  edge 
is  unfinished  or  was  used  as  it  is ;  the  upper  edge  is  sharpened  as  on 
figure  12. 
