NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAVVRKNCE    ISLAND COLLINS  1 5/ 
of  this  type,  here  designated  as  type  i  a,  and  iUustrated  by  the  two  run- 
ners shown  in  plate  45,  figures  i,  2,  and  four  others  not  shown.  They 
have  the  large  hole  and  the  wide  notch  of  type  i.  but  they  differ  in 
that  they  have  been  cut  down  to  the  same  shape  as  type  2.  Type  2  is 
represented  at  Miyowagh  by  five  examples,  including  the  well  pre- 
served specimen  shown  on  plate  45,  figure  3.  It  is  26  cm  long,  from  5.7 
to  7.9  cm  high,  and  1.3  cm  thick;  it  differs  from  the  two  runners 
of  the  same  type  shown  on  plate  44,  figures  i,  2,  by  having  a  greater 
number  of  holes — nine,  each  with  a  shallow  notch  above,  and  two 
additional  holes  at  one  end  and  one  at  the  other. 
Sledge  sJwes. — Of  sledge  shoes  there  were  31  specimens,  all  of 
ivory  and  only  one  of  them  complete.  Type  i,  the  most  common  form 
(14  specimens)  is  illustrated  by  the  two  shown  in  plate  45,  figures 
4,  5.  The  upper  surface  is  flat,  but  the  lower  edges  are  somewhat 
curved,  giving  a  slight  convexity  to  the  under  side ;  they  range  from 
5  to  7.4  cm  in  width  and  from  1.2  to  2.3  cm  in  thickness.  They  lack 
the  peg  holes  found  on  modern  sledge  shoes,  the  only  method  of  at- 
tachment being  a  pair  of  round  holes  connected  by  a  sunken  groove 
on  the  bottom  to  protect  the  lashing.  The  complete  specimen,  figure  4, 
shown  with  the  lower  side  up,  has  in  addition  two  holes  at  the  back 
end  with  grooves  leading  from  each,  showing  that  it  has  been  attached 
to  a  similar  shoe. 
The  type  2  shoe  (pi.  45,  figs.  6,  7,  8 — four  specimens  in  all)  re- 
sembles type  I  as  to  thickness  and  width,  but  has  an  unusual  arrange- 
ment by  means  of  which  it  is  attached  to  the  runner — a  knoblike 
elevation  at  the  end  i  cm  or  more  high,  beneath  which  passes  a  trans- 
verse perforation. 
The  type  3  shoe  (13  specimens)  is  illustrated  in  plate  45,  figure  9. 
It  is  of  about  the  same  thickness  as  the  preceding  types  but  somewhat 
narrower.  The  method  of  attachment  consists  of  a  single  hole  at  the 
end ;  this  hole  either  extends  straight  through  the  end,  which  slants 
upward  from  the  bottom  so  as  to  protect  the  lashing ;  or  it  is  drilled 
through  at  an  oblique  angle,  as  in  figure  9,  connecting  with  a  sunken 
groove  on  the  lower  side  for  holding  the  lashing. 
From  the  later,  northwestern  section  of  Miyowagh  there  are  four 
sledge  shoe-runners  of  Punuk  type  i  a,  which  will  be  described  later. 
None  of  the  sledge  shoes  above  described  conform  to  any  known 
types,  ancient  or  modern.  Rather  large  sledge  shoes,  usually  of  bone, 
are  known  from  the  Thule  culture,  and  some  of  them  have  pairs  of 
holes  connected  by  sunken  grooves  for  a  lashing;  but  on  the  whole 
they  seem  to  have  been  longer,  narrower,  and  thinner  than  the  St. 
Lawrence  forms,  in  addition  to  which  they  have  holes  for  pegs  as  the 
