l6o  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
(back)  side  was  provided  with  a  lip  or  ridge  to  hold  the  lashing  in 
place.  The  end  of  the  handle  rested  in  a  shallow,  oval-rectangular  con- 
cavity on  the  back  side  and  was  held  in  place  by  thongs  passing  around 
the  two  circular  elevated  bosses  which  extend  from  the  back  side 
around  to  the  front ;  there  are  also  four  pairs  of  lashing  holes  on  the 
back  side.  At  the  center  of  the  two  l)osses  are  circular  pits  3  mm 
deep,  in  one  of  which  is  a  wooden  plug ;  a  row  of  smaller  pits  extends 
along  the  periphery,  with  five  more  in  between  the  bosses.  The  upper 
end,  now  broken,  seems  to  have  been  bilobed.  Figure  5  (cut  25,  depth 
84  in.)  is  a  wooden  adz  head  with  a  deep  oval  depression  on  the. back 
side  for  the  end  of  the  handle,  and  an  opposite  groove  for  the  lashing ; 
on  the  opposite — or  front — side  there  is  a  deep  sloping  concavity  for 
the  blade.  Figure  4  (cut  18,  25  in.)  shows  the  front  side  of  an  ivory 
adz  head  with  a  slightly  sunken  bed  6.8  cm  long  for  the  blade ;  on  the 
opposite  side  is  a  raised  lower  edge  to  hold  the  lashing  in  place.  On 
the  back  side  the  upper  end  is  cut  down  slightly  to  provide  a  resting 
place  for  the  end  of  the  handle ;  opposite  this  is  a  deep  wide  groove 
for  the  lashing,  r^igures  6  and  7  are  two  adz  heads  made  of  whale 
rib  (from  cuts  15,  33  in.,  and  cut  24,  52  in.  deep,  respectively),  which 
dilter  from  those  just  described  in  that  the  blade  was  set  in  a  deep 
socket  in  the  end  instead  of  being  lashed  on.  In  the  first  of  these  there 
is  a  transverse  oval  hole  for  the  handle,  in  the  second  a  rectangular 
pit  with  an  opposite  lashing  groove. 
In  addition  to  those  illustrated  there  are  four  other  adz  sockets  with 
a  transverse  hole  for  the  handle ;  these  are  from  cut  7,  51  inches  deep ; 
cut  15,  40  inches;  cut  16,  30  inches;  cut  18,  49  inches.  There  are  also 
six  others  with  a  sunken  bed  for  the  end  of  the  handle,  from  the 
following  locations:  Cut  4,  depth  55  inches;  cut  7,  51  inches;  cut  9, 
25  inches;  cut  17,  27  inches;  cut  18,  42  inches;  cut  23,  81  inches. 
Pick  handle. — Plate  46,  figure  8,  is  a  wooden  pick  handle  from  cut 
27,  46  inches  deep.  The  lower,  enlarged  end  is  perforated  for  a  sus- 
pension thong,  and  there  is  a  deep  notch  or  finger  rest  at  the  center ; 
the  upper  end  is  somewhat  concave  and  slanting  so  that  the  bone  or 
ivory  pick,  which  must  have  been  a  light  one,  might  project  at  an 
angle ;  there  is  a  wide  groove  on  the  back  side  of  the  upper  end  for 
the  lashing  which  held  the  pick  in  place.  The  implement  was  probably 
used  for  digging  roots. 
Ivory  picks. — Heavy  ivory  picks  are  among  the  most  common 
implements  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture.  They  were  made  from  a 
whole  walrus  tusk  or  a  large  section,  sharpened  at  the  lower  end  and 
designed  for  digging  in  frozen  ground  or  ice.  Seven  of  the  picks 
from  the  Hillside  site  are  shown  in  plate  49.    The  lower  end  was 
