NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  163 
usually  somewhat  less  curved  (pi.  47,  fig.  i )  ;  all  have  the  ends  notched 
for  attachment  of  the  cord. 
Drill  shafts. — Numerous  wooden  drill  shafts  were  found,  some  of 
which  (from  Miyowagh)  were  painted  red.  Plate  30,  figure  i,  is 
a  drill  shaft  from  the  Hillside  site;  it  is  round  in  cross-section,  slightly 
enlarged  at  the  lower  end  and  has  the  tip  charred.  Two  s^^ecimens 
from  Miyowagh  are  shown  in  plate  57,  figures  2,  3. 
Drill  points. — Drill  points  of  bone  were  found  in  great  numbers 
at  Miyowagh  ;  eight  were  found  at  the  Hillside  site.  Most  of  them 
were  made  from  seal  fibulae  (pi.  48,  figs.  1-4).  The  enlarged  distal 
end  of  the  bone,  after  being  trimmed  down,  was  set  into  the  end 
of  the  wooden  shaft;  the  proximal  end,  below  a  somewhat  abrupt 
shoulder,  was  made  cylindrical  and  sharpened  to  a  chisellike  tip.  In 
some  cases,  as  in  figures  3  and  4,  the  shoulder  was  less  pronounced. 
Hand  drills. — Three  hand  drills  are  shown  in  plate  48,  figures  5-7. 
These  have  very  small,  sharp  points,  about  2  mm  in  diameter  ;  the 
upper  end,  which  was  held  in  the  hand,  is  unworked.  Such  drills 
were  usually  made  from  dog  or  seal  ulnae  or  slivers  of  ivory. 
Reamers, — We  may  consider  as  reamers  those  implements  having 
a  blunt  cylindrical  point  and  an  unworked  upper  end  for  holding  in 
the  hand.  One  of  these,  from  the  Hillside  site,  is  shown  in  plate  30, 
figure  15.  Four  examples  from  Miyowagh  are  shown  on  plate  48, 
figures  8-9,  13-14.  The  first  is  made  from  the  distal  end  of  a  walrus 
rib,  the  second  is  of  ivory;  figures  13  and  14  are  also  made  from 
sections  of  walrus  ribs.  The  principal  function  of  such  reamers  was 
no  doubt  that  of  enlarging  or  smoothing  out  holes  in  skin,  wood, 
baleen,  etc. 
Rubbing  or  scraping  tools. — In  plate  48,  figures  10-12,  are  shown 
three  examples  of  an  implement  which  was  found  in  considerable 
numbers  and  which  seems  to  have  been  used  primarily  as  a  rubbing  or 
scraping  tool,  probably  for  working  hides.  They  are  almost  invaria- 
bly made  of  walrus  ribs,  with  one  end  smoothed  and  spatulate,  the 
other  unworked  as  in  figure  12,  or  smoothed  and  blunt  as  in  figures  10 
and  II.  The  upper,  blunt  end  of  such  implements  would  seem  well 
adapted  for  stone  flaking,  and  they  may  have  been  so  used. 
Stone  flak crs.— 'The.  three  objects  shown  in  plate  48,  figures  18-20, 
may  safely  be  regarded  as  stone  flakers.  In  all,  19  of  these  flakers 
were  found  at  Miyowagh.  They  are  shorter  than  the  type  just  de- 
scribed ;  both  ends  are  usually  provided  with  a  blunt  point,  less  fre- 
quently one  end  is  somewhat  flattened,  as  in  figure  18.  They  may 
have  been  held  directly  in  the  hand  ;  at  any  rate  no  recognizable  handles 
were  found.  Three  stone  flakers  from  the  Hillside  site  are  shown  in 
plate  30,  figures  9-1 1  ;  10  others  were  found  at  this  site. 
