NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND — COLLINS  l8l 
Shovel. — Figure  12  is  a  small  shovel,  made  from  a  walrus  scapula, 
from  cut  4,  depth  15  inches.  It  is  13.2  cm  long  and  10.4  cm  wide, 
much  smaller  than  the  more  common  type  made  from  an  entire  scapula, 
illustrated  in  plate  50,  figure  6;  it  is  likewise  more  carefully  made  than 
the  larger  forms.  At  the  upper  end  are  two  small  drilled  holes  for 
the  lashing  which  held  the  handle  on.  Fragments  of  two  similar  shovels 
were  found  in  cut  5,  23  inches  deep,  and  cut  19,  32  inches. 
Ievoghiyoq 
Some  200  yards  to  the  north  of  Miyowagh  is  the  smaller  site, 
Ievoghiyoq,  a  grass-covered  midden  rising  like  a  small  island  from  the 
flat  gravel  plain  (pi.  61,  fig.  i  and  text  figs.  2  and  18).  It  is  separated 
from  Miyowagh  by  four  old  beach  lines,  and  to  the  northward  six 
more  beach  lines  lie  between  it  and  the  sea.  Its  position  would  thus 
indicate  that  it  had  been  built  later  than  Miyowagh  and  that  during 
the  time  of  its  occupancy  and  after  its  abandonment  the  sea  had  re- 
ceded still  farther,  piling  up  still  more  gravel  ridges.  The  Ievoghiyoq 
midden  is  roughly  oval  in  outline,  with  an  average  diameter  of  around 
150  feet.  The  shallow  depressions  of  about  a  dozen  house  pits  are 
visible  on  the  surface ;  two  of  these  were  excavated — houses  no.  6 
and  7.  In  recent  years,  probably  after  the  famine  and  epidemic  of 
1878-79,  burials  were  made  on  the  surface  of  the  midden,  and  there 
is  an  old  cemetery  on  the  gravel  ridge  extending  eastward  toward  the 
hillside.  The  burials  on  the  ridge  had  been  enclosed  by  oval  rows  of 
stones,  similar  to  those  observed  by  Nelson  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Island   (Nelson,  1899,  P-  321)- 
Although  the  Ievoghiyoq  midden  stands  out  more  prominently  than 
Miyowagh,  its  total  depth  was  only  5  feet  as  compared  with  the  8-foot 
depth  of  the  older  midden.  Its  apparently  greater  height  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  not  so  much  gravel  had  piled  up  along  the  edges.  Being  situ- 
ated on  the  gravel  plain,  the  Ievoghiyoq  midden  is  rather  dry.  and 
the  material  found  in  it  was  in  a  much  better  state  of  preservation 
than  that  from  the  southeastern  section  of  Miyowagh.  The  ivory  was 
likewise  more  uniform  in  color,  ranging  from  a  light  cream  to  light 
brown,  in  contrast  to  much  of  that  from  Miyowagh,  which  had  been 
turned  to  a  dark  brown  or  black  from  the  action  of  water. 
In  1930  seven  cuts  (one  incompleted)  were  excavated  at  Ievoghiyoq, 
and  two  others  in  1931.  These  will  not  be  described  individually  as 
the  material  obtained  was  remarkably  uniform  from  top  to  bottom  in 
contrast  to  that  from  Miyowagh.  where  there  was  evidence  of  cultural 
modifications  along  many  lines.  Ievoghiyoq  proved  to  be  a  pure  Punuk 
site,  one  which  had  been  established  and  abandoned  during  the  period 
13 
