NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLIxNS  183 
when  Punuk  culture  was  flourishing  on  St.  Lawrence  Island.  But  as 
we  shall  see  later,  the  material  obtained  from  this  site  was  not  identical 
with  the  Punuk  material  from  Miyowagh.  It  represents  a  more  de- 
veloped, more  typical  aspect  of  Punuk  culture,  showing  that  levoghiyoq 
was  established  just  before  the  time  Miyowagh  was  abandoned,  and 
that  it  continued  to  be  occupied  for  many  years  afterward.  Around 
2,000  artifacts  were  excavated  at  levoghiyoq,  in  addition  to  the  usual 
quantities  of  potsherds,  animal  bones,  pieces  of  slate  blades  and  other 
fragmentary  objects. 
The  levoghiyoq  midden  was  structurally  much  like  Miyowagh  ex- 
cept that  in  some  places,  particularly  cut  4.  there  was  more  gravel. 
There  was  also  a  larger  content  of  mussel  shells ;  these  were  par- 
ticularly abundant  in  the  upper  levels  of  cuts  5  and  6,  and  they  formed 
a  distinct  stratum  about  6  inches  thick  in  cut  i,  sloping  from  a  depth 
of  I  to  3  feet.  Cuts  i,  2,  5,  and  6  extended  through  thick,  solid  refuse 
which  thawed  very  slowly.  These  cuts  were  prolific  in  artifacts  anrl 
yielded  large  quantities  of  mammal,  bird,  and  fish  bones  as  well  as 
baleen. 
The  above  mentioned  cuts  in  the  midden  revealed  no  remains  of 
house  structures  and  parts  of  only  two  caches.  Both  of  the  caches 
were  found  in  cut  4,  which  was  mostly  gravel.  One  of  them,  at  the 
southeast  corner,  had  been  built  of  whale  skulls,  two  of  which  were 
visible,  resting  on  logs  and  whale  vertebrae.  The  other  cache  was 
only  2  feet  away;  it  had  been  constructed  of  stones,  one  above  the 
other,  the  upper  tiers  evidently  having  been  removed,  as  no  fallen 
stones  were  found  nearby. 
HOUSES    AT    lEVOGHIVOQ 
Two  houses  were  excavated  at  levoghiyoq.  One  of  them,  house  no. 
6,  closely  resembled  house  no.  5  at  Miyowagh,  but  was  much  better 
preserved.  The  other,  house  no.  7,  was  excavated  l)y  Mr.  Ford  dur- 
ing my  absence  from  the  island.  Jt  was  larger,  ai)parently  older,  and 
diti'ered  in  imi)ortant  structural  features  from  house  no.  6. 
House  no.  6  (text  fig.  19,  and  pi.  62.  figs.  3,  4). — This  house 
was  19  feet  4  inches  long  by  19  feet  wide  ;  it  had  stone  walls  and  floor ; 
the  entrance  passage,  facing  east,  was  8  feet  8  inches  long  and  25 
inches  wide.  The  floor  of  the  passage  was  at  the  same  level  as  that 
of  the  house,  a  little  less  than  2  feet  below  the  surface  ;  the  roof,  walls, 
and  floor  of  the  passage  were  of  stone  slabs.  The  end  of  the  passage 
was  enlarged  into  a  rounded  antechamber  (pi.  62.  fig.  4)7^  feet  long 
by  6\  feet  wide.  It  had  been  roofed  with  whale  ribs,  had  a  stone  floor, 
and  walls  built  of  stones,  walrus  skulls,  whale  vertebrae,  and  five  small 
