NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  189 
shown  by  such  objects  as  the  harpoon  heads  (pi.  71,  figs.  15-20),  adz 
socket  (pi.  78,  fig.  21),  plates  of  hone  armor,  bone  knife,  arrow  point, 
harpoon  socket  piece,  etc. 
Old  Section  of  Gambell 
The  latest  of  the  old  sites  in  the  vicinity  of  Gambell  is  that  at  the 
north  end  of  the  long  narrow  gravel  bar  which  lies  between  the  lake 
and  the  sea.  Here,  immediately  to  the  south  of  the  present  village,  are 
found  the  ruins  of  the  underground  houses  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury, the  last  of  which  were  abandoned  between  40  and  50  years  ago. 
Ihe  site  is  nothing  more  than  a  continuation  of  Seklowaghyaget,  al- 
though the  Eskimos  use  that  name  only  in  referring  to  the  larger 
midden  extending  along  the  north  end  of  the  lake.  The  house  pits  in 
this  latest  section  are  deeper  and  more  sharply  outlined  than  those  at 
the  older  sites,  and  the  midden  deposits  around  them  are  much  shal- 
lower, perhaps  not  exceeding  3  feet  in  depth.  Two  cuts  were  made, 
one  of  them  through  refuse  20  inches  thick,  the  other  32  inches.  The 
midden  here  was  no  less  prolific  in  artifacts  than  the  older  ones  (about 
250  artifacts  being  found),  and  the  material  obtained  was  of  value 
as  illustrating  the  latest  stage  in  the  transition  from  the  Punuk  to 
the  modern  culture.  The  evidence  furnished  by  harpoon  heads  was 
of  particular  interest  in  this  connection,  since  it  showed  that  the  modern 
thick,  rounded  form  with  closed  socket  had  evolved  directly,  and  rather 
suddenly,  from  the  immediately  preceding  form  which  was  thinner 
in  cross-section,  with  a  wedge-shaped  socket,  which,  though  still  open, 
had  functioned  as  a  closed  socket. 
HOUSES  AT  OLD  SECTION  OF  GAMBELL 
House  no.  p. — On  the  low  ground  between  the  midden  and  the  lake 
and  about  100  feet  SW.  of  Seklowaghyaget  is  a  house  ruin  very  simi- 
lar to  house  no.  8.  The  inner  room  is  roughly  square  in  outline  with 
a  stone  floor  3  feet  below  the  surface  (text  fig.  22).  The  walls,  which 
are  now  mostly  fallen,  had  been  built  of  whale  vertebrae,  walrus  skulls, 
and  stones,  with  a  single  upright  whale  jaw  in  the  rear  (west)  wall. 
At  the  NE.  corner  there  was  an  upright  wooden  roof  support,  and 
another  at  the  NW.  corner  together  with  a  small  upright  whale  jaw 
and  a  whale  skull.  The  stone  flooring  does  not  extend  to  the  wall  on 
the  north,  west,  and  south  sides,  and  it  may  be  that  sleeping  platforms 
had  occupied  these  spaces.  Just  as  in  house  no.  8,  an  inverted  whale 
skull  had  been  placed  at  the  entrance.  The  narrow  passage  way  was 
built  of  stones  and  roofed  with  whale  ribs ;  the  enlarged  anteroom  was 
