NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND — COLLINS  217 
inches  (pi.  72,  fig.  5).  None  of  them  differ  essentially  from  those 
found  at  Seklowaghyaget. 
The  whaling  harpoon  head  shown  in  plate  72,  figure  7,  was  pur- 
chased from  an  Eskimo,  who  had  excavated  it  at  Kukuliak,  the  large 
old  site  to  the  east  of  Gambell.  It  is  somewhat  longer  than  most  of 
the  others,  and  the  edge  opposite  the  spur  is  straight,  wide,  and  flat 
as  on  the  whaling  harpoon  heads  from  the  Arctic  coast  of  Alaska. 
Some  of  the  Gambell  specimens  also  have  this  kind  of  edge,  e.  g., 
plate  72,  figure  6,  but  more  often  it  is  beveled. 
The  fact  that  lO  whaling  harpoon  heads  were  found  at  Seklowaghy- 
aget and  the  old  section  of  Gambell,  the  two  sites  where  the  least 
amount  of  excavating  was  done,  whereas  only  two  heads  and  three 
fragments  were  found  at  Miyowagh  and  levoghiyoq,  shows  con- 
clusively that  it  is  only  in  relatively  recent  times  that  whaling  has 
become  an  important  occupation  with  the  St.  Lawrence  Eskimos.  The 
few  specimens  from  Miyowagh  and  levoghiyoq  (four  of  them  bear- 
ing Punuk  decoration  and  one  plain)  show  that  whaling  had  begun 
to  be  practiced  to  a  slight  extent  in  Punuk  times ;  on  the  other  hand, 
the  absence  not  only  of  whaling  harpoon  heads,  but  also  of  whale 
bones,  at  the  Hillside  site,  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  Old  Bering 
Sea  Eskimos  had  not  hunted  the  whale  at  all.  The  baleen  at  the  Hill- 
side site  might  have  been  obtained  from  animals  that  had  drifted 
ashore  after  having  been  killed  by  killer  whales. 
In  plate  ^^2,  figures  8  and  9,  are  shown  two  ivory  objects  which  the 
local  Eskimos  thought  had  been  used  as  walrus  lance  heads.  Both  of 
these  specimens  were  purchased ;  figure  9  was  excavated  at  Kukuliak, 
figure  10  probably  at  Seklowaghyaget.  We  did  not  find  any  of  these 
implements  in  our  excavations  at  Gambell  though  I  have  previously 
obtained  examples  from  Punuk  Island  and  Cape  Kialegak.  They  seem 
to  occur  only  in  the  Punuk  period  and  their  exact  function  remains 
doubtful.  They  differ  from  harpoon  heads  in  the  absence  of  a  central 
line  hole,  the  line  having  passed  through  a  narrow  slot  at  the  lower 
end.  The  open  socket  is  very  long  and  deep.  The  foreshaft  was  held 
in  place  by  means  of  a  lashing  which  passed  through  two  slots,  as  in 
figure  9,  or  ran  along  a  groove  as  in  figure  8.  The  blade  slit  is  parallel 
with  the  socket.  Figure  8  is  round  in  cross  section;  figure  10  is 
hexagonal. 
Implement  Types  of  the  Punuk  Period 
Most  of  the  specimens  described  below  are  from  the  pure  Punuk 
site,  levoghiyoq.    Others  are  from  the  later,  northwestern  section  of 
KJf 
