2l8  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
Miyowagh,  from  Seklowaghyaget,  and  from  the  old  section  of  Gam- 
bell  ;  an  occasional  specimen  is  from  Punuk  Island,  off  the  southeastern 
end  of  St.  Lawrence  Island. 
Foreshafts. — Two  Punuk  foreshafts  are  shown  in  plate  73,  figures 
I,  2  (from  Seklowaghyaget,  cut  2,  depth  28  in.,  and  surface).  They 
are  generally  similar  to  those  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  period,  the  prin- 
cipal difference  being  that  the  line  hole  is  somewhat  wider,  usually 
more  triangular  in  outline,  and  is  placed  near  the  edge  instead  of  at 
the  center  as  was  the  case  with  most  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  specimens. 
A  modern  St.  Lawrence  foreshaft  with  two  line  holes,  plate  73,  figure 
3,  is  shown  for  comparison.  In  all,  34  foreshafts  were  found  at  the 
three  later  sites,  11  from  levoghiyoq,  9  from  Seklowaghyaget,  and  12 
from  the  old  section  of  Gambell. 
Socket  pieces. — In  contrast  to  the  elaborately  decorated  socket 
pieces  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  period,  those  of  the  Punuk  are  gener- 
ally plain  and  of  simpler  construction  (pi.  73,  figs.  6,  7,  from  Sek- 
lowaghyaget, surface,  and  house  no.  9,  respectively) .  The  tang,  instead 
of  being  conical  or  bifurcated,  is  wedge-shaped,  like  the  modern  St. 
Lawrence  examples ;  the  tang  may  also  be  perforated  for  rivets  which 
hold  it  in  place  in  the  shaft,  and  just  above  the  tang  there  may  be  one 
or  more  line  holes. 
Plate  73,  figure  5,  seems  to  be  a  toy  socket-piece,  from  levoghiyoq, 
cut  6,  depth  22  inches.  Seven  other  specimens  of  the  same  type  come 
from  this  site.  In  addition  there  are  three  somewhat  larger  speci- 
mens resembling  the  two  from  Miyowagh  shown  on  plate  33,  figures 
28,  29. 
Ice  picks. — Punuk  ice  picks  are  among  those  objects  which  show 
a  clear  transition  from  the  Old  Bering  Sea  to  modern  times.  Old 
Bering  Sea  types  i  and  3  (pi.  32,  figs,  i,  2,  and  6)  are  each  represented 
by  a  single  example  from  levoghiyoq;  Old  Bering  Sea  type  2  (pi.  32, 
figs.  3,  4)  is  well  represented  at  levoghiyoq  and  Seklowaghyaget.  At 
both  of  these  sites,  however,  the  shoulder,  which  is  characteristic  of 
type  2,  becomes  more  pronounced,  resulting  finally,  at  the  old  section 
of  Gambell,  in  the  type  of  ice  pick  shown  in  plate  jt,,  figure  8,  which 
with  its  straightly  scarfed  lower  end  and  tang,  approaches  the  modern 
St.  Lawrence  form,  illustrated  by  figure  9 ;  it  differs  from  the  modern 
type  in  not  having  a  lashing  slot  at  the  tang.  It  should  be  noted  also 
that  rather  flat  ice  picks,  usually  made  of  walrus  penis  bones  (type  4), 
are  characteristic  of  the  Punuk  stage  (pi.  73,  fig.  4,  from  levoghiyoq, 
cut  5,  depth  24  in.). 
