224  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
Wrist  guards. — Another  object  connected  with  the  bow  that  ap- 
peared during  the  Punuk  stage  is  the  wrist  guard.  Four  of  these,  all 
of  ivory,  are  shown  in  plate  74,  figures  21-24.  Figure  23,  from 
levoghiyoq  (purchased),  is  straight  across  the  bottom,  rounded  at 
the  top,  and  has  a  narrow  lashing  slot  on  either  side.  The  ornamenta- 
tion is  Punuk,  consisting  of  pairs  of  lines,  some  straight,  some  curving, 
with  shorter  pairs  of  lines  attached,  and  light  spurs  placed  at  sparing 
intervals.  Figure  22  is  also  from  levoghiyoq,  and  was  purchased ;  it 
has  a  straight  base  in  which  there  are  five  slots,  and  rising  from  this, 
two  pointed  wings ;  it  has  a  very  simple  decoration  of  deeply  incised 
lines.  Figure  21,  a  surface  find  from  the  old  section  of  Gambell,  is 
similar  in  shape  but  has  the  upper  part  undivided.  The  decoration  is 
neatly  applied  and  consists  of  bands  of  horizontal,  vertical,  and  oblique 
lines,  with  spurs  at  regular  intervals.  Figure  24,  purchased  from  the 
Eskimos  at  Savunga,  illustrates  the  modern  St.  Lawrence  wrist  guard, 
which  is  practically  identical  in  shape  with  the  modern  Chukchee  type 
(Bogoras,  1904-09,  vol.  i,  fig.  73).  In  its  essential  features  it  is  also 
similar  to  the  older  St.  Lawrence  form,  plate  74,  figure  23.  Little  can 
be  said  regarding  relative  ages  of  the  different  forms,  as  several  of 
them  appear  to  have  been  more  or  less  contemporaneous.  On  the  basis 
of  the  present  rather  meager  material,  however,  it  would  seem  that 
plate  74,  figure  23,  represents  the  older  type. 
Six  wrist  guards  have  already  been  described  in  the  sections  on  art. 
One  is  the  fragmentary  specimen  from  Miyowagh,  cut  27,  depth  9 
inches,  shown  on  plate  22,  figure  10.  The  others  are  from  levoghiyoq, 
cut  I,  depths  36,  44,  and  36  inches,  respectively  (pi.  65,  figs.  9-11)  ; 
Seklowaghyaget,  depth  20  inches  (pi.  67,  fig.  7)  ;  and  old  section  of 
Gambell,  depth  8  inches  (pi.  67,  fig.  5). 
In  plate  75,  figures  20-22,  are  shown  three  objects  which  to  a  certain 
extent  resemble  wrist  guards,  but  which  apparently  were  used  in  some 
other  way,  perhaps  being  worn  as  ornaments.  Figures  21  and  22, 
of  ivory,  come  from  cut  i,  depth  12  inches,  and  cut  17,  depth  12 
inches,  in  the  later  section  of  Miyowagh.  One  edge  is  straight  with 
round  holes  or  small  rectangular  slots  near  the  ends ;  the  ends  are 
curved  and  incline  inward,  and  between  them,  at  the  center,  is  a 
pronged  projection.  Figure  20,  of  baleen,  was  found  at  levoghiyoq, 
cut  I,  depth  40  inches.  It  is  bilobed  with  a  small  round  hole  and  two 
notches  at  the  edge  of  each  lobe ;  opposite  are  three  large  round  scal- 
lops, leaving  two  narrow  projections  at  the  end  and  two  similar  but 
notched  projections  at  the  center. 
Plate  armor. — This  is  another  important  element  introduced  during 
the  Punuk  period.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  on  St.  Lawrence  Island 
