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SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
2,  but  with  the  lashing  arrangement  of  type  i  at  the  front  end ;  to- 
ward the  back  end  there  are  several  additional  oblique  holes  drilled 
through  from  the  top  to  the  sides.  The  upper  surface  has  the  usual 
V-shaped  concavity,  but  the  sides  are  made  differently,  first  sloping 
sharply  inward  from  the  rim,  and  then  descending  yertically  to  the 
bottom,  making  it  Y-shaped  in  cross-section,  like  the  modern  St. 
Lawrence  examples.  Plate  ']'],  figure  6,  is  36.8  cm  long,  2.9  to  3.5  cm 
wide,  and  3.4  cm  high ;  the  three  fragmentary  specimens  average  3.8 
cm  in  width  and  4  cm  in  height. 
From  the  last  site,  the  old  section  of  Gambell,  there  are  five  sledge 
runners.  One  of  them  is  an  example  of  Old  Bering  Sea  type  2. 
Another,  shown  in  plate  "JJ,  figure  7,  is  like  the  preceding  Punuk  type 
2  a,  but  still  higher  and  narrower,  with  a  height  of  4.7  cm  and  a  width 
of  2.y  cm  across  the  flaring  top  and  1.3  cm  across  the  constricted 
bottom.  Of  the  remaining  three,  two  are  too  fragmentary  for  classi- 
fication although  their  shape  is  that  of  type  2  a.  The  other,  shown  in 
plate  jy,  figure  8,  possesses  two  features  which  set  it  somewhat  apart, 
so  that  we  may  call  it  type  2  b.  The  shape  is  that  of  2  a,  but  the 
lashing  arrangement  at  the  end  consists  of  two  obhque  holes  drilled 
through  the  flaring  edge ;  in  addition,  there  were  two  long  transverse 
holes,  rectangular  or  oval  in  shape,  like  those  on  the  old  Bering  Sea 
types  I  and  i  a. 
The  distribution  of  the  various  types  of  sledge  runners  and  shoes 
at   the   five   sites   is   given   in   table   3.     Summarizing  the   distribu- 
Table  3. 
Old  Bering  Sea 
sledge  runners 
Old  Bering  Sea 
sledge  shoes 
Punuk 
sledge  shoe-runners 
Type 
1 
Type 
la 
Type 
2 
Type 
1 
Type 
2 
Type 
3 
Type 
1 
Type 
la 
Type 
2 
Type 
2a 
7b^^ 
Old  section  of 
Gambell 
I 
I 
I 
Seklowaghyaget 
levoghiyoq.  .  .  . 
Miyowagh 
Hillside  site.  .  . . 
2 
3 
2 
2 
6 
I 
5 
3 
14 
4 
13 
3 
I 
5 
4" 
2 
14 
6 
"All  four  of  these  are  from  the  later,  northwestern  section  of  the  midden. 
tion  shown  therein,  we  see  that  the  heavy  sledge  runners  made 
from  entire  walrus  tusks  are  of  Old  Bering  Sea  age,  being  found 
only  at  the  Hillside  site  and  Miyowagh;  but  that  in  a  modified 
form  (type  i  a)  it  continues  into  the  Punuk  stage.  Type  2,  on  the 
other  hand,  may  have  continued  in  use  until  modern  times,  although 
