NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND — COLLINS  233 
the  characteristic  late  Punuk  ornamentation  of  pairs  of  deeply  cut 
horizontal  and  vertical  lines  with  occasional  gouged  oblique  spurs ; 
it  is  from  levoghiyoq,  purchased.  Figure  13  is  decorated  with  two 
rows  of  nucleated  circles  enclosed  by  a  narrow  bordering  band  of 
two  lines  with  inward  pointing  alternating  spurs  attached.  The  circles 
in  the  upper  row  are  separated  by  pairs  of  short  vertical  lines,  those 
in  the  lower  row  have  large  Y-shaped  figures  attached ;  the  circles 
are  all  compass-made.  This  is  an  example  of  disintegrated  Punuk  art ; 
all  continuity  of  design  has  been  lost  and  decorative  effect  is  accom- 
plished only  through  the  repeated  use  of  detached  elements.  It  was 
excavated  at  Seklowaghyaget,  and  purchased  from  an  Eskimo.  Figure 
11  is  a  late  Punuk  type,  also  purchased,  and  probably  from  Seklow- 
aghyaget ;  it  is  pointed  at  one  end,  squared  oft"  at  the  other  with  a 
large  opening  which  originally  held  an  ornamental  link  or  pendant 
like  that  shown  in  plate  82,  figure  30. 
Fat  scrapers. — Two  fragments  from  levoghiyoq  (depths  12  and  42 
in.)  indicate  that  the  straight-sided  scraper  for  removing  fat  from 
intestines  and  skins,  like  plate  13,  figure  8,  was  also  used  during  the 
Punuk  period.  However,  another  though  related  form,  was  more 
common  (pi.  78,  fig.  14,  lev.,  depth  26  in.).  It  was  made  of  bone 
and  was  somewhat  curved,  with  the  inner  edge  rounded  for  holding 
in  the  hand  and  the  outer  edge  sharpened  for  scraping.  There  are 
three  other  specimens  like  this,  two  from  levoghiyoq,  depths  12  and 
19  inches,  and  one  from  house  no.  9.  Figure  15  is  a  broken  scraper 
made  from  a  caribou  or  reindeer  cannon  bone,  from  levoghiyoq,  depth 
12  inches.  The  modern  St.  Lawrence  scraper,  which  is  of  ivory,  oval 
in  outline  with  rounded  base  (Nelson,  1899,  pi.  50,  fig.  10),  was  not 
found  at  the  Punuk  sites,  but  this  was  probably  due  to  accident.  At 
any  rate  we  have  a  prototype  for  it  in  such  scrapers  as  those  shown  in 
plate  51,  figures  9,  n. 
Spoo)is. — The  spoons  of  the  Punuk  period  are  of  bone  and  have 
long  handles.  One  of  these,  from  levoghiyoq,  depth  12  inches,  is 
shown  in  plate  78,  figure  16.  It  has  a  shallow  rounded  bowl  and  is 
constricted  at  the  neck.  Three  similar  specimens  from  levoghiyoq 
come  from  depths  of  5,  12,  and  36  inches. 
Awls. — Bone  and  ivory  awls  are  abundant,  just  as  they  were  at  the 
earlier  sites. 
Needles. — The  absence  of  needles  is  undoubtedly  due  to  accident. 
Adc  heads.— Certain  developmental  tendencies  may  be  observed 
when  comparing  Punuk  adz  heads  with  those  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea 
period,  but  the  picture  is  somewhat  obscured  by  the  fact  that  several 
types  were  in  use  at  the  same  time.    First,  we  must  note  the  absence 
