236  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
figure  5,  the  lower  side  is  usually  flat  and  the  upper  side  convex  with 
a  median  ridge ;  occasionally  there  is  a  median  ridge  on  both  sides. 
These  knives,  however,  are  smaller,  averaging  16  cm  or  less  in  length 
and  2  cm  in  width ;  the  handle  is  short  and  perforated  at  the  end,  and 
there  is  usually  a  small  narrow  slot  through  the  edge  of  the  blade  just 
below  the  handle.  Knives  of  this  smaller  type  were  found  as  follows : 
Seklowaghyaget,  depths  12  inches  (pi.  79,  fig.  4),  18  inches,  20  inches, 
26  inches,  28  inches  (2),  60  inches;  old  section  of  Gambell,  depths 
24  inches  (2),  and  32  inches. 
Bone  knives  are  no  longer  used  on  St.  Lawrence  Island,  so  there 
must  be  some  doubt  as  to  the  exact  function  of  the  present  specimens. 
It  is  possible  that  they  were  used  for  scraping  snow  from  the  fur 
clothing,  but  the  pointed  end  and  straight,  sharp  edges  make  it  appear 
more  probable  that  they  were  daggers  used  in  hunting  or  in  war. 
Similar  knives  are  known  from  the  Thule  culture  (Mathiassen,  1927, 
vol.  I,  p.  48,  pi.  13,  fig.  15).  The  smaller  type  (pi.  79,  fig.  4),  is  more 
doubtful,  as  it  could  hardly  have  been  very  effective  as  a  weapon. 
Mouthpieces. — Mouthpieces  for  bow  drills  are  somewhat  more  com- 
mon in  the  Punuk  than  in  the  Old  Bering  Sea  finds.  Almost  all  of 
them  are  small,  like  the  three  of  ivory  shown  in  plate  82,  figures  37- 
39,  the  average  length  being  between  4  and  5  cm.  Figure  37,  from 
Miyowagh,  cut  20,  depth  12  inches,  has  the  drill  hole  on  the  convex 
end ;  the  upper  end  was  cut  down,  leaving  a  ledge  which  was  held 
between  the  teeth ;  through  this  ledge  is  a  round  hole,  probably  for 
a  suspension  cord.  Figure  38,  from  Miyowagh,  cut  6,  12  inches,  is 
similar  except  that  the  ledge  extends  completely  across.  In  figure  39 
(lev.,  cut  5,  depth  33  in.)  the  hole  for  the  end  of  the  drill  shaft  is 
on  the  straight,  under  side,  the  convex  upper  part  being  held  in  the 
mouth ;  there  is  a  groove  on  either  side  to  allow  a  firm  grip  with  the 
teeth,  and  at  the  center  of  this  a  narrow  slot  for  a  suspension  cord. 
Figure  40  is  the  largest  mouthpiece  found,  7.3  cm  long  and  2.1  cm 
thick.  It  comes  from  Mirrukta,  an  old  site  3  miles  east  of  Gambell. 
The  drill  shaft  was  held  in  a  large  circular  hole  on  the  under  side  2 
cm  in  diameter  and  1.8  cm  deep.  Two  pointed  wings  extend  upward 
and  between  them  is  the  mouth  grip,  an  oval  projection  with  a  concave 
face  and  a  suspension  slot  through  one  edge. 
Drill  rests. — Plate  80,  figure  5,  is  a  drill  rest  made  from  a  whale's  ear 
bone,  from  levoghiyoq,  cut  6,  depth  22  inches.  It  has  three  deep  pits 
on  either  side.  Ivory  drill  rests  like  those  from  Miyowagh  and  the 
Hillside  site  were  also  common  at  the  Punuk  sites. 
The  following  objects  connected  with  the  bow  drill  were  found  in 
large  numbers  at  the  Punuk  sites,  but  differ  in  no  significant  respect 
