NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  239 
1899,  pi.  28,  figs.  I,  4,  5,  7-10).  At  the  most  recent  site,  the  old  section 
of  Gambell,  this  modern  type  of  pottery  was  found  exclusively  (pi. 
84,  figs.  4,  5). 
Baleen  vessels. — Baleen  vessels  with  wooden  bottoms  are  as  char- 
acteristic of  the  Punuk  as  of  the  Old  Bering  Sea  period. 
Wooden  vessels. — -Long,  narrow  wooden  vessels  also  continued  to 
be  used.  Plate  80,  figure  i,  is  one  of  these,  a  food  platter  from  levoghi- 
yoq,  cut  I,  depth  41  inches.  It  is  44  cm  long,  6.2  cm  deep,  and  13  and 
6.4  cm  wide  at  the  ends. 
Drum. — The  drum  occupied  a  much  more  prominent  place  in  the 
Punuk  than  in  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture.  Five  wooden  and  seven 
ivory  handles  were  obtained  from  the  three  Punuk  sites,  in  addition 
to  a  considerable  number  of  rim  fragments.  Five  of  the  handles  are 
illustrated  in  plate  81,  figures  2-6;  the  first  three  are  from  Seklow- 
aghyaget,  purchased ;  figure  6  is  from  house  no.  7,  levoghiyoq.  Figure 
2  was  originally  about  17.8  cm  long,  with  a  deep  square  notch  for  a 
thick  rim  and  a  narrow  lashing  slot  below  it.  At  the  front  end  is  an 
oval  projection  bearing  a  Punuk  ornamentation  of  spurred  lines  radiat- 
ing from  rim  to  center.  Originally  there  was  a  perforation  at  the 
lower  end.  Figure  3  is  very  similar,  but  only  9.3  cm  long ;  the  flange- 
like projection  at  the  upper  end  is  proportionately  larger  and  slightly 
concave.  Figure  4  is  provided  with  four  small  notches  as  finger  grips, 
and  a  rather  large  hole  at  the  lower  end  where  a  link  ornament  was 
probably  attached.  Figure  5  lacks  the  flange  at  the  end ;  it  bears  a  late 
Punuk  ornamentation  consisting  of  two  bands  of  four  and  five  lines 
connected  by  a  pair  of  straight  longitudinal  lines  having  two  very 
oblique  spurs  at  the  center.  The  wooden  drum  handle,  figure  6,  lacks 
ornamentation  of  any  kind.  The  drum  handles  not  illustrated  come 
from  levoghiyoq,  depths  12  inches  (2),  26  inches,  30  inches,  31  inches ; 
and  Seklowaghyaget,  depths  12  inches  and  60  inches. 
Objects  of  zvood  and  baleen. — These  are  not  nearly  as  abundant  at 
the  three  later  sites  as  at  Miyowagh  or  the  Hillside  site.  This  does 
not  mean  that  these  materials  were  less  used  but  that  the  conditions 
for  their  preservation  were  less  favorable  at  the  three  later  sites. 
There  was  much  more  gravel  in  the  levoghiyoq  and  Seklowaghyaget 
middens  (especially  the  latter)  than  at  the  sections  of  Miyowagh 
where  the  greatest  amount  of  digging  was  done,  and  as  was  pointed 
out  previously,  cultural  material  is  always  less  abundant  at  such  places. 
This  is  not  only  because  the  gravel  itself  is  often  an  intrusive  fill, 
and  therefore  more  or  less  sterile,  but  also  because  cultural  material, 
when  included  is  not  likely  to  be  permanently  preserved  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  gravel  thaws  rapidly  and  to  a  considerable  depth.    At 
