240  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
the  sections  of  levoghiyoq  where  conditions  were  comparable  to  those 
at  Miyowagh,  baleen  and  wood  were  plentiful.  In  addition  to  those 
previously  mentioned,  the  following  classes  of  objects  were  found, 
none  of  which,  so  far  as  could  be  determined,  differed  essentially  from 
those  described  from  the  Old  Bering  Sea  sites  :  pieces  of  wooden  arrow 
shafts,  small  wooden  cylinders,  painted  red  (like  pi.  57,  figs.  18,  19), 
wooden  objects  with  scoop  end  (like  plate  47,  fig.  11),  pail  handles, 
drill  handles,  drying  racks,  toy  boats  of  wood  and  bark,  wooden  shafts 
of  various  kinds,  painted  red ;  baleen  ice  scoop,  toy  bows,  knots, 
toboggan  cross  pieces,  plaited  baleen  objects  like  plate  56,  figures  8,  9. 
Miscellaneous  objects  of  ivory  and  bone. — Plate  8i,  figure  i,  is  a 
bone  tube,  from  levoghiyoq,  depth  24  inches,  made  from  a  swan's 
wing  bone  with  both  ends  cut  off.  There  are  several  others  from  the 
same  site  made  from  smaller  bones.  They  may  have  been  drinking 
tubes,  although  such  an  interpretation  would  be  conjectural. 
Plate  81,  figure  12  (lev.,  depth  12  in.)  is  the  canine  tooth  of  a 
polar  bear,  with  the  upper  end  perforated  for  suspension.  It  may  have 
been  used  as  a  charm  against  sickness,  a  custom  still  in  vogue  on  St. 
Lawrence  Island. 
Plate  81,  figure  13  (from  Sek.,  purchased)  is  an  ivory  object  with 
a  smooth  flat  top  8.9  cm  long  and  1.9  cm  wide,  and  two  cylindrical 
"legs"  1.3  cm  in  diameter.  The  flat  upper  surface  is  crudely  orna- 
mented with  a  crooked  longitudinal  line  and  a  series  of  irregularly 
spaced  transverse  lines.  The  only  objects  comparable  to  this  that  I 
have  seen  are  some  of  bone  excavated  by  Dr.  Hrdlicka  on  Kodiak 
Island. 
Another  characteristic  Punuk  element  is  a  small  bird  bone  inserted 
in  another.  Two  of  these,  from  levoghiyoq,  depth  12  inches,  are 
shown  in  plate  81,  figures  15,  16.  There  are  four  others,  all  from  lev- 
oghiyoq at  depths  of  5,  12,  18  and  30  inches.  Their  use,  if  any,  is 
problematical ;  none  of  them  show  any  signs  of  having  been  worked, 
the  ends  of  both  bones  being  invariably  broken  off.  Such  bones,  but 
with  one  or  both  ends  sharpened,  are  known  from  the  Thule  culture 
and  are  regarded  by  Mathiassen  as  gull  hooks  and  bodkins  (Mathias- 
sen,  1927,  vol.  I,  pi.  43,  fig.  10;  pi.  52,  fig.  10). 
Plate  82,  figures  19  and  20,  are  two  ivory  objects,  from  levoghiyoq, 
depths  22  and  30  inches,  the  function  of  which  is  unknown.  They 
have  a  short  neck  or  shaft,  through  which  is  a  transverse  perforation 
with  deep  grooves  leading  down  to  the  end.  The  head  is  enlarged,  and 
somewhat  conical ;  that  of  figure  20  has  been  carved  to  represent  a 
seal  with  prominent  eyes  made  of  round  wooden  plugs  set  in  deep  pits, 
the  pupils  represented  by  small  ivory  insets  at  the  center  of  the  plugs. 
