242  SMITHSONIAN    MISCELLANEOUS    COLLECTIONS  VOL.    96 
Small  flat  square  pieces  of  bone,  like  the  one  illustrated  in  plate  58, 
figure  15,  were  also  found  at  the  Punuk  sites. 
From  levoghiyoq  there  is  a  bone  ring,  made  by  cutting  out  the  center 
of  the  epiphysis  of  a  whale  vertebra.  According  to  the  Eskimos,  it 
is  a  rim  to  the  ventilation  hole  in  the  front  wall  of  the  inner  sleeping 
room. 
Plate  82,  figure  35,  from  the  old  section  of  Gambell,  depth  24  inches, 
is  an  ivory  trace  buckle  for  a  dog  harness.  It  is  of  the  usual  modern 
Alaskan  form,  with  one  hole  through  the  lower,  somewhat  square  end, 
and  another,  at  right  angles  to  it,  through  the  smaller,  notched  end 
(Nelson,  1899,  pi.  76,  figs.  3-5).  This  is  the  only  example  of  a  trace 
buckle  from  any  of  the  old  sites  at  Gambell.  Furthermore,  the  other 
elements  which  are  invariably  associated  with  dog  traction  in  its  known 
form — swivels,  ferrules  for  the  whip  handle,  and  flat  bone  sled  shoes — 
are  likewise  missing.  Not  one  of  these  objects  was  found  at  the  four 
older  sites  which  all  together  yielded  over  7,000  specimens.  On  the 
other  hand,  a  considerable  number  of  such  objects  are  included  in  the 
much  smaller  quantity  of  material  excavated  from  recent  house  ruins 
and  midden  deposits  of  comparable  age  at  Gambell,  Punuk  Island,  and 
Cape  Kialegak.  The  conclusion  is  unmistakable  that  dog  traction, 
insofar  as  its  presence  is  indicated  by  the  above  classes  of  objects, 
was  unknown  to  both  the  Old  Bering  Sea  and  Punuk  Eskimos,  and 
that  it  was  introduced  on  St.  Lawrence  Island  only  in  very  recent  times, 
probably  not  until  near  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  small  ivory  object  shown  in  plate  82,  figure  36  (lev.,  depth 
24  in.),  appears  to  be  a  harpoon  or  dart  rest  for  a  kayak  (cf.  Nelson, 
p.  226,  pi.  78,  fig.  2).  The  base  is  slightly  concave  and  down  the  center 
is  a  longitudinal  groove  4  mm  wide  which  opens  through  a  small  slot 
at  the  back  end  and  through  a  similar  slot  at  the  junction  of  the  curving 
prong  and  the  base.  By  means  of  this  slotted  groove  it  was  attached 
to  one  of  the  cross  lines  which  extended  over  the  deck  of  the  kayak 
Objects  of  personal  adornment. — These  are  considerably  more  com- 
mon  in  the  Punuk  than  in  the  Old  Bering  Sea  culture,  although  the 
categories  are  still  somewhat  limited. 
Ivory  pendants  are  found  in  considerable  numbers  and  in  a  wide 
variety  of  forms.  These  are  illustrated  in  plate  82,  figures  1-13.  Some 
are  long,  and  either  straight-sided  or  thickened  at  the  end  (figs.  1-4)  ; 
some  are  squarish  with  a  rounded  end  (fig.  5)  ;  some  are  conical 
(figs.  6-9)  ;  and  some  deeply  grooved  (fig.  10).  Others  are  suspended 
from  the  middle,  and  are  bilobed  (fig.  11),  four-lobed  (fig.  12),  or 
knobbed  at  the  ends  (fig.  13).  Provenience  of  the  illustrated  specimens 
is  as  follows:   Plate  82,  figure  i,  Miyowagh,  cut  20,  depth  12  inches; 
