NO.    I  AKCHIiOLOGV    OF    ST.    LAWRENXE    ISLAND COLLINS  247 
the  range  of  normal  variation  for  modern  St.  Lawrence  crania. 
Though  it  would  not  be  proper  to  draw  any  far-reaching  conclusions 
on  the  basis  of  these  two  skulls  alone,  they  represent  nevertheless  the 
most  ancient  Eskimo  skeletal  remains  that  have  yet  been  found,  and 
the  fact  that  they  are  markedly  long-headed  is  something  to  be  con- 
sidered by  any  theory  which  seeks  to  trace  the  origin  and  spread  of 
the  Eskimo  on  the  basis  of  physical  characters. 
Animal  Remains  from  the  Five  Sites 
Animal  bones  were  found  in  such  abundance  in  the  middens  and 
house  ruins  that  it  was  impossible  to  preserve  all  of  them.  Conse- 
quently, only  representative  samples  from  each  cut  were  collected. 
The  order  of  occurrence  of  the  more  easily  recognizable  forms,  such 
as  whale,  walrus,  seal  and  dog  bones,  were  observed  at  the  time  and 
samples  preserved,  but  the  smaller  and  more  questionable  mammal 
bones  were  collected  as  found.  Dr.  Remington  Kellogg,  assistant 
curator  of  mammals.  United  States  National  Museum,  has  kindly 
examined  and  identified  the  mammal  bones  as  follows : 
From  the  Hillside  site:  Ringed  seal  {Phoca  hispida)  ;  harbor  or 
hair  seal  {Phoca  richardii  pribilofensis)  ;  bearded  seal  (Erignathus 
barbatiis  nauticus)  ;  walrus  {Odobenus  divergens)  ;  dog  (Canis  fain- 
iliaris)  ;  polar  bear  {Thalarctos  marit'uuus)  ;  fox  (J'ulpcs  alascensis)  ; 
beluga  {Delphinopterus  leiicas)  ;  and  whale  (represented  by  baleen). 
Of  the  above  the  seal,  walrus,  and  dog  bones  are  greatly  in  the  majority, 
the  others  being  relatively  scarce. 
At  Miyowagh  all  of  the  above  forms  are  represented,  and  in  the 
same  relative  proportions,  but  in  addition  there  are  bones  of  the  bow- 
head  whale  {Balacna  iitysticetus)  ;  the  humpback  whale  (Megaptcra 
novae-angliae)  ;  the  common  finback  whale  {Balacnoptera  physalus)  ; 
the  ground  squirrel  {Citellus  lyratus),  and  the  field  mouse  (Microtits 
innuitus  innuitus) ,  both  probably  intrusive;  the  varying  hare  (Lepus 
americanus  dalli),  rare;  a  few  reindeer  or  caribou  bones  and  pieces 
of  antler;  and  the  horn  of  a  mountain  sheep  (Ovis,  sp).  The  hare, 
caribou,  and  mountain  sheep  are  not  indigenous  on  St.  Lawrence 
Island  and  hence  were  no  doubt  brought  over  from  Siberia  as  meat 
used  for  food  on  the  voyage. 
From  levoghiyoq  we  have  the  dog  and  the  same  species  of  marine 
mammals,  in  abundance,  in  addition  to  the  fox.  The  absence  of  other 
forms  is  probably  due  to  accidental  selection. 
The  Seklowaghyaget  midden  contained  more  gravel  and  less  refuse 
than  the  other  middens,  and  as  a  result  of  this  condition  and  the  rela- 
