NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  249 
Punuk  and  later  sites.  The  older  skulls  show  a  remarkable  uniformity, 
being  somewhat  smaller  than  the  later  ones  and  possessing  a  charac- 
teristic beveling  or  deep  longitudinal  depression  along  the  frontal 
sinus.  The  skulls  from  levoghiyoq  (also  those  from  Punuk  Island  and 
Cape  Kialegak),  in  addition  to  being  larger,  are  more  variable,  with 
a  relatively  smooth  frontal  region  more  like  that  of  the  modern  St. 
Lawrence  dogs.  It  should  also  be  noted  that  many  of  the  dog  skulls, 
particularly  those  from  the  Old  Bering  Sea  levels,  had  a  large  opening 
in  the  parietal  region,  evidently  made  for  the  removal  of  the  brain, 
which  must  have  been  eaten. 
The  several  thousand  bird  bones  from  the  (jambell  sites  have  been 
carefully  studied  by  Dr.  Herbert  Friedmann,  curator  of  birds.  United 
States  National  Museum,  who  has  published  a  separate  report  upon 
them  (Friedmann,  1934).  The  collection  was  found  to  include  the 
bones  of  32  species,  two  of  which,  the  red-legged  kittiwake  {Rissa 
hrevirostris)  and  Kittlitz's  murrelet  {Brachyrhmnphus  brevirostris) , 
represented  additions  to  the  known  avifauna  of  the  island. 
As  to  the  relative  abundance  of  the  various  species,  Dr.  Friedmann 
reports  as  follows : 
The  species  most  abundantly  represented  in  the  collection  is  Pallas's  murre. 
It  is  obviously  the  most  important  single  bird  species  to  the  Eskimo,  and  it  is 
obvious  from  the  enormous  number  of  bones,  that  the  species  was  as  abundant 
in  the  past  as  it  is  in  the  present. 
The  other  birds  commonly  used  for  food  include  the  crested  and  the  paroquet 
auklets,  the  Pacific  and  king  eiders,  and,  strangely  enough,  the  pelagic  cor- 
morant. One  of  the  surprises  was  the  paucity  of  goose  bones,  especially  of 
the  emperor  goose.  Pigeon  guillemot,  old-squaw,  long-tailed  jaeger,  red-faced 
cormorant,  and  short-tailed  albatross  come  next  in  descending  order  of  frequency, 
and  after  them  come  a  large  number  of  species,  present  in  varying  quantities. 
[Friedmann,  1934,  p.  84.] 
Table  4,  compiled  from  Dr.  Friedmann's  paper,  shows  the  occur- 
rence of  the  different  species  according  to  site.  The  relative  abundance 
of  the  various  species,  as  shown  on  the  table,  may  be  taken  as  a  fair 
index  of  the  Eskimos'  selection  for  food  purposes  of  the  birds  most 
desired — and  most  readily  obtained — from  among  those  frequenting 
the  western  end  of  the  island.  It  is  of  interest  in  this  connection  to 
observe  that  the  bird  bone  collection  from  Cape  Kialegak,  at  the  op- 
posite end  of  the  island,  though  not  as  large  as  that  obtained  at  Gam- 
bell,  included  the  following  species  which  were  not  found  at  Gambell : 
the  whistling  swan,  cackling  goose,  black  brant,  American  pintail, 
spectacled  eider,  white- winged  scoter,  surf  scoter,  American  scoter, 
merganser,  red-breasted  merganser,  pomarine  jaeger.  Furthermore, 
the  fact  that  the  emperor  and  the  white  fronted  geese,  the  old  squaw. 
