NO.    I  ARCHEOLOGY    OF    ST.    LAWRENCE    ISLAND COLLINS  261 
roof  of  timbers.    (PI.  8,  figs.  3,  4;  pi.  9,  fig.  2 ;  pi.  61,  figs.  2-4;  pi.  62, 
figs.  I,  2;  text  fig.  II,  the  larger  house;  and  text  fig.  20.) 
(2)  A  house  of  dififerent  type,  belonging  apparently  to  a  later  stage 
of  the  Punuk  ;  semisubterranean  ;  square  to  rectangular  ;  stone  floor ; 
walls  made  of  stones,  walrus  skulls  and  whale  bones  instead  of  timbers  ; 
form  of  roof  unknown,  probably  of  skins  ;  entrance  passage  narrower 
and  either  lower  than  or  at  same  level  as  floor  of  house ;  passage 
roofed  with  whale  ribs  or  stones ;  a  circular  enlargement  of  or  annex 
to  the  passage.  (PI.  62,  figs.  3,  4;  pi.  63,  figs.  2-5;  pi.  64,  fig.  1,  text 
figs.  12,  19,  21,  22.) 
(2  a)  A  modification  of  the  preceding  form  with  walls  entirely  of 
stones  and  mostly  above  ground ;  no  entrance  passage ;  an  inner  stone 
wall  forming  a  rectangular  partition ;  roof  structure  sometimes  of 
whale  jaws;  probably  covered  with  walrus  hides;  apparently  a  sum- 
mer dwelling.    (PI.  64,  fig.  5.) 
(3)  A  house  differing  in  certain  fundamental  features  from  thcjsc 
preceding  it ;  introduced  during  the  Punuk  period  and  continued  in 
use  up  to  40  or  50  years  ago ;  semisubterranean  ;  square  to  rectangular  ; 
floor  of  neatly  fitted  hewed  planks  or  logs ;  walls  of  small  timbers  and 
whale  jaws  placed  on  end  and  leaning  slightly  inward ;  low.  wide 
sleeping  platform  along  two  or  three  sides ;  two  to  six  heavy  uprights 
rising  from  floor  near  the  center  supporting  two  or  three  large  whale 
jaws,  placed  parallel,  as  roof  beams;  center  part  of  roof  flat,  lower 
parts  sloping,  all  covered  with  turf ;  small  ventilator  of  whale  vertebra  ; 
long  narrow  entrance  passage  at  same  level  as  house,  sometimes  turn- 
ing abruptly,  lined  and  roofed  with  timbers,  sometimes  having  a  stone 
floor;  small  wood  and  whale  bone  shelter  over  end  of  passage.  (PI. 
64,  fig.  2;  pi.  2,  fig.  3;  pi.  3,  fig.  4;  Nelson,  fig.  87.) 
(4)  The  modern  St.  Lawrence  winter  house,  octagonal,  built  on 
the  surface ;  framework  of  wood,  roof  of  split  walrus  hides ;  inner 
sleeping  room ;  introduced  from  Siberia  probably  in  the  eighteenth 
century. 
(4  a)  The  summer  shelter,  with  light  wooden  frame  covered  with 
walrus  hides  or  canvas;  small  inner  sleeping  room. 
At  Bering  Strait  we  find  a  very  different  tyi>e  of  house  from  those 
which  prevail  to  the  southward.  The  largest  Eskimo  village  in  the 
vicinity  of  Bering  Strait,  on  the  Alaskan  side,  is  at  Cape  Prince  of 
Wales,  but  most  of  the  houses  there  are  so  modified  as  to  be  no  longer 
good  examples  of  the  original  type.  However,  the  few  remaining 
underground  houses  at  Wales,  some  of  which  are  still  occupied,  are 
identical  with  the  well  preserved  ruins  at  the  abandoned  village  of 
Metlatavik,  22  miles  to  the  northward,  at  which  place  I  carried  on 
